与同年李定言曲水闲话戏作
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唐代]：李商隐
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海燕参差沟水流，同君身世属离忧。
相携花下非秦赘，对泣春天类楚囚。
碧草暗侵穿苑路，珠帘不卷枕江楼。
莫惊五胜埋香骨，地下伤春亦白头。
与同年李定言曲水闲话戏作译文及注释
译文
像海燕雄雌分飞，像沟水东西分流，我和你一般身世满怀忧戚离家飘游。
相携漫步花下却抑抑不乐，并非因寄人篱下身为赘婿，而是由于像楚囚般沉沦，在明媚春日怎能不涕泪交流？
看碧绿的芳草郁郁葱葱，暗暗地伸延进园中小路，珠帘儿也不打开，只剩下一座空楼。
莫要去惊叹，佳人香骨沈埋水底，她若地下有知，也会因伤春而愁白了头。
注释
同年：于同一年考上进士的人，称同年。
李定言：事迹不详。唐许浑《丁卯集》有《李定言殿院衔命归阙，拜员外郎，俄迁右史，因寄》一诗。
曲（qū）水：即曲江，长安游赏胜地。
海燕参（cēn）差（cī）：用卓文君《白头吟》“今日斗酒会，明旦沟水头。躞蹀御沟上，沟水东西流”语意，亦喻男女分离。参差，上下不齐。
沟水流：比喻男女分离。
属：相同。
花：比青楼女、妾媵之类。
秦赘（zhuì）：春秋秦俗家富子壮即分户，家贫子壮即出赘，后因称赘婿为秦赘。
苑（yuàn）：指曲江之芙蓉苑。
枕江楼：靠曲江的楼殿。
五胜：指水。
埋香骨：用的是西施沉江的典故，此谓所思艳色已埋于地下。
参考资料：
1、郑在瀛编著．李商隐诗全集 汇编今注简释：崇文书局，2011.12：第172页
2、孙建军等主编．《全唐诗》选注 （1-16册）：线装书局，2002年01月第1版：第3846页
3、李淼著．李商隐诗三百首译赏：长春出版社，1990.12：第46-47页
与同年李定言曲水闲话戏作创作背景
对于此诗的创作背景，陆昆曾《李义山诗解》认为：“此必义山与李同有冶游之事，因其人早逝，而感赋是诗也。”
参考资料：
1、郑在瀛编著．李商隐诗全集 汇编今注简释：崇文书局，2011.12：第172页
2、钟来茵著．李商隐爱情诗解：学林出版社，1997年07月第1版：第321-325页
与同年李定言曲水闲话戏作鉴赏
首联叹惜李定言与情侣分手，原本是“海燕双栖”，如今是“海燕参差”。双栖者夫妻；参差者一上一下，一生一死，一在地上，一在土下。又像卓文君说的“沟水东西流”，一东一西，变成两股水流。“同君身世属离忧”，是安慰性的话，也符合事实。李商隐一生离忧，与李定言有共同语言。这样说，缩短了两入的感情距离，冲淡了开玩笑的成分，便于对方接受。首联巧用“海燕“、“沟水“的典故，以海燕分飞、沟水各流的比喻写自己和友人的离家宦游漂泊，伤叹之情自然溢出。
颔联写两人都有类似的经历，都为此而伤心。“相携花下”，就是两人都有冶游的经历，这比“同年”更进了一步，这是共同的生活情趣。这一联写二人郁郁花下，对泣春日，用的是以乐景写悲的反衬手法，增强了感情深度。“非秦赘”与“类楚囚”则是推进一层的表现，意味自己与友人的郁闷比身为秦赘寄人篱下还惨，是象囚犯一样不自由，象囚犯一样的沉沦，语气极深沉。
颈联又回到曲江边景物，写李定言情侣去世后的凄凉。通向她居处高楼的路，由于长期无人问津，已长满青草。用“碧草”做主语，并以拟人的手法说碧草有意识，已“暗侵穿苑路”，这就更令人感伤。原来，她住在曲江边花园似的环境，如今“碧草暗侵”，园苑荒芜，一片凄凉。楼上，珠帘永垂，空无一人。有人进出，珠帘要卷起；如今人去楼空，故“珠帘不卷”了。这样的白描式的不作夸张的描写，在游戏的成分中糅进了严肃的思想，增添了诗的感伤精神。腰联以景物描写渲染荒戚的氛围。碧草葱郁，珠帘不卷，写曲江景色凄荒，就是寓国势的衰颓，以景色喻时势，写景即是言志抒情。
尾联展开想象：想象美女掩埋地下也在伤春，为此白了头。用“莫惊”这样的否定句式，反而加强了语气，作了肯定的回答。
诗题虽表明“戏作”，诗却作得十分严肃，对李定言已死去的“玉媵”，充满了深刻而真挚的同情。“莫惊五媵埋香骨，地下伤春亦白头”，写出了人类共同的悲哀。诗人把自伤身世和忧伤国势交融，情感沉郁。
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钱霖《
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清江引·梦回昼长帘半卷》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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