经炀帝行宫
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唐代]：刘沧
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此地曾经翠辇过，浮云流水竟如何？
香销南国美人尽，怨入东风芳草多。
行人遥起广陵思，古渡月明闻棹歌。
经炀帝行宫译文及注释
译文
这里曾经是御驾亲临的地方，而今一片萧然。浮云流水之间，一代王朝就这样销声匿迹了。
美人们香消玉殒，她们将自己的满腹怨恨化为芳草，随东风生长蔓延。
如今这行宫已是断垣残壁，满目疮痍，凄凄芳草在无言地诉说着炀帝当年的荒淫残忍。夕阳西下，水面上烟波浩渺，满眼凄迷，行宫前那几棵残存的柳树已失去了往日的风姿，枯枝败叶在风中萧索地摇曳。
我正陷于行宫兴废的沉思之中，微风吹来，明月当空，古渡上响起了悠扬的渔歌声。
注释
炀帝：即隋炀帝杨广，隋朝第二代皇帝。
翠辇：皇帝的车驾。辇：原是车名，秦汉后特指皇帝坐的车。
香销：指美女之死。
空：空有，无人欣赏。露叶：露珠泛光之叶。
浩：广远，宏大。据载，隋炀帝喜欢柳树，曾经在行宫外的大堤上种了成排的杨柳，春风吹拂，杨柳婀娜多姿，成了一道美丽的景观。
行人：远行之人，指诗人自己。广陵：指今扬州，隋炀帝曾三次来此游玩，此处代指行宫。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：406-407
2、古代汉语字典编委会．古代汉语字典．北京：商务印书馆，2005：284、564
经炀帝行宫鉴赏
诗借咏隋炀帝行宫，讽谕时政。首联“此地”，即指炀帝行宫。炀帝于此玩美女、杀无辜，极尽荒淫残暴之能事。但曾几何时，一个广袤四海的美好江山，便付诸东流了。开篇以反诘句陡峭而起：人言“浮云流水”转眼而逝，但不能赶上隋炀帝败亡的速度。这“竟如何”三字，尽情地嘲弄了这个昏君的迅速亡国。这种寓严肃于调侃的笔法，最为警策。
颔联转入对炀帝罪行的控诉：此联之妙，在于实景寓意。以实景论，它是写行宫的破落、荒凉，宫内早已空无一人。从这情景中也清楚地看到了炀帝的荒淫残暴。“香销”，香销玉殒，蛾眉亡身；而且已是“南国美人尽”。为了满足一己的淫欲，搜罗尽了而且也毁灭尽了南国的美女，真是罪恶滔天。“怨入”承上句，主要写“美人”之怨。美人香销，其怨随东风入而化为芳草；芳草无涯，人怨无边。这就把抽象的感情写成了具体而真实可感的形象。如为一般郊野旅游，“东风芳草”自然不失为令人心旷神怡之景；但此处为炀帝行宫，这断瓦颓墙，芳草萋萋，却是典型的伤痍之景；这萋萋的芳草，犹含美人怨魂的幽泣。“多”字更令人毛骨悚然。
颈联写出宫所见。炀帝喜柳，当年行宫之前，隋堤之上，自是处处垂柳掩映。而此时是“空”，空有，无人欣赏；“露叶”，露珠泛光之叶。上句以残柳“点缀”行宫，自见历史对其暴政的嘲弄；“露叶”冠以“空”字，自见诗人慨叹之情。下句，烟波浩浩，川水渺渺，空余堤柳，龙舟不在。且各冠以“残柳”和“夕阳”，给晚照之景笼上一层凄凉黯淡的色彩。这里虽无一讥讽语，却得思与景偕、物与神游之妙。
尾联回应诗题，却不是直吐胸中块垒。《乐府指迷》说：“结句须要放开，含有余不尽之意，以景语结情最好。”这“行人遥起广陵思，古渡月明闻棹歌”，就是“以景语结情”。它既切合咏“炀帝行宫”之意，又扣紧讽晚唐当世之旨。“行人”，作者自指，诗人游罢行宫，自然地想起这些广陵（即扬州）旧事──由于炀帝的荒淫残暴，激化了尖锐的阶级矛盾，末次南游，酿成全国性的农民大起义。不久隋朝即告灭亡。但诗之妙，却在于作者写得含而不露，只写诗人“遥起广陵思”的情怀；所思内容，却留待读者去想象，去咀嚼。只见诗人沉思之际，在这古渡明月之下，又传来了琅琅渔歌。作者亦不明言棹歌的内容是什么。但联系诗人“喜谈今古”、“深怨唐室”的身世，自然地使人想到屈原《渔父》中的名句：“举世皆浊兮我独清，众人皆醉兮我独醒！”“沧浪之水清兮，可以濯吾缨；沧浪之水浊兮，可以濯吾足。”古贤和隐者的唱答，也正是诗人此刻的心声；从而将咏古和讽今融为一体，以景语完成了诗的题旨。
此诗之可贵，在于诗人咏古别具一格，写得清新自然，娓娓动听，挹之而源不尽，咀之而味无穷。全诗共八句，句句是即景，句句含深意；景真、情长、意远，构成了此诗特有的空灵浪漫风格。
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许浑《
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客有卜居不遂薄游汧陇因题》
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苏轼《
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行香子·丹阳寄述古》
刘沧简介
唐代·刘沧的简介
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刘沧（约公元八六七年前后在世），字蕴灵，汶阳（今山东宁阳）人。生卒年均不详，比杜牧、许浑年辈略晚，约唐懿宗咸通中前后在世。体貌魁梧，尚气节，善饮酒，好谈古今，令人终日倾听不倦。公元854年（大中八年），刘沧与李频同榜登进士第。调华原尉，迁龙门令。沧著有诗集一卷（《新唐书艺文志》）传于世。 刘沧为公元854年（宣宗大中八年）进士。据 《唐才子传》，刘沧屡举进士不第，得第时已白发苍苍。
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