一枝花·咏喜雨
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元代]：张养浩
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用尽我为国为民心，祈下些值金值玉雨，数年空盼望，一旦遂沾濡，唤省焦枯，喜万象春如故，恨流民尚在途，留不住都弃业抛家，当不的也离乡背土。
【梁州】恨不得把野草翻腾做菽粟，澄河沙都变化做金珠。直使千门万户家豪富，我也不枉了受天禄。眼觑着灾伤教我没是处，只落得雪满头颅。
【尾声】青天多谢相扶助，赤子从今罢叹吁。只愿得三日霖霪不停住，便下当街上似五湖，都渰了九衢，犹自洗不尽从前受过的苦。
一枝花·咏喜雨译文及注释
译文
为国为民，我鞠躬尽瘁、沥血呕心，求来了这一场宝贵得如玉如金的雨。老百姓空盼了好几年，今天终于有雨水把大地滋润了，也唤醒了干枯的庄稼。春天回来了，使万物欣欣向荣，令我高兴；只是逃荒的百姓，仍颠沛流离，使我遗恨。老百姓待不住了便抛家别业，灾民们受不了时才离乡背井。
我恨不得把遍地野草都变成茂密的庄稼，让河底沙石都化做澄黄的金珠。直到家家户户都生活得富足，我也算没有糟踏国家的俸禄。眼睁睁看着天灾成害无所助，让我只急得白发长满了头颅。
多谢老天爷的扶持帮助，老百姓从此没有哀叹处。但愿这大雨一连三天不停住，哪怕下得街道成了五大湖，大水淹没了所有大路，也还洗不尽老百姓这几年受过的苦楚！
注释
南吕：宫调名，元曲常用的十二宫调之一。一枝花：曲牌名，属南吕宫。“一枝花”和“梁州”均属南吕宫调的曲牌。把同一宫调的若干曲子连缀起来表达同一主题，就叫“套数”。
祈雨：古代人们祈求天神或龙王降雨的迷信仪式。值玉值金：形容雨水的珍贵。
沾濡（rú），浸润，浸湿。
省（xǐng）：通“醒”。焦枯：指被干旱焦枯的庄稼。
恨流民尚在途：指雨后旱象初解，但灾民还在外乡流浪逃荒，作者心中引为憾事。
当不的：挡不住。
翻腾：这里是变成的意思。菽（shū）粟：豆类和谷类。
澄（dèng）：沉淀到水底。
天禄：朝廷给的俸禄（薪水）。
没是处：束手无策，不知如何是好。
雪满头颅：愁白了头发。
赤子：指平民百姓。罢叹吁：再不必为久旱不雨叹息了。
霖霪（yín）：长时间的透雨。
渰（yān）：同“淹”。九衢（qú）：街道，纵横交叉的大道。
犹自：依然。
参考资料：
1、蒋星煜 等．元曲鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1990：575-577
2、滕 森．元曲三百首彩图馆．北京：中国华侨出版社，2016：133
一枝花·咏喜雨创作背景
这套曲子作于元文宗天历二年（1329）。天历二年授陕西行台中丞。时关中连年大旱，赴任途中，曾祷雨于华山岳祠，痛苦失声，俯地不起。到官四月，“夜则祷于天，昼则出赈饥民，终日无少怠”。此曲大约作于作者在陕西赈济灾民的过程中。
参考资料：
1、曾永义．黑暗时代的自由颂——元人散曲．北京：线装书局，2012：222-225
2、蒋星煜 等．元曲鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1990：575-577
一枝花·咏喜雨鉴赏
作者赴任后的一场大雨，给关中饥民带来了希望，滋润了久旱的土地，唤醒了焦枯的禾苗，万象更新，大地又充满了生机。这一切，都使作者兴奋不已。曲子起首就写作者沉浸在这种欣喜如狂的巨大喜悦中。但是，这场大雨，虽然减轻了旱魔的威胁，却无法抹去作者心头沉重的阴影。面对这“死者已满路，生者与鬼邻”的流民，对关心人民疾苦的正直官员来说，依然是沉重的精神负担。因此，狂喜之后，作者转入无限的焦虑之中。
在饥民的痛苦声中，作者不免寄希望于虚幻。曲中说道：“恨不得把野草翻腾做菽粟，澄河沙都变化做金珠。直使千门万户家豪富，我也不枉了受天禄。”这个愿望自然是美好的，但在当时的条件下，这种美好的愿望，只能是幻想。幻想破灭之后，跟着而来的是更大的失望和自谴：“眼觑着灾伤教我没是处，只落得雪满头颅。”想到这里，作者几乎陷入了绝望的深渊。
尽管如此，久旱逢甘霖，毕竟是可喜的事情。眼望着滂沱而下的大雨，作者的喜悦之情再度升起，在曲子尾声，这种欢悦的情绪达到了极点。他和所有的灾民一样，诚心感谢上天的辅助，几乎达到如痴如醉的程度。降雨，在作者看来是青天有眼，是正义和慈爱的恢复，因此，作者希望大雨能连绵不绝地下下去，以洗清人间的灾苦。然而，人民已受过的苦难，那种亲戚鱼肉，父子相离的生活惨景是永远也抹不掉的。况且大劫之后侥幸活下来的灾民，依然没有摆脱饥饿的威胁。因此，末尾“犹自洗不尽从前受过的苦”一句，看似平淡，实有千钧雷霆之势。它包含了作者无限的悲伤，暴露了当时现实的黑暗。
曲题为“喜雨”，但在“喜”的同时，处处夹杂着悲愤的哀鸣，这是作品所反映的生活内容决定的。悲和喜这两种根本对立的情绪就在激昂愤慨的基调中统一在一个乐章里。
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张养浩《
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一枝花·咏喜雨》
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陶渊明《
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癸卯岁十二月中作与从弟敬远》
张养浩简介
唐代·张养浩的简介
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张养浩（1269—1329年），汉族，字希孟，号云庄，山东济南人，元代著名散曲家。诗、文兼擅，而以散曲著称。代表作有《山坡羊·潼关怀古》等。
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