美人梳头歌
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唐代]：李贺
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西施晓梦绡帐寒，香鬟堕髻半沉檀。
辘轳咿哑转鸣玉，惊起芙蓉睡新足。
双鸾开镜秋水光，解鬟临镜立象床。
一编香丝云撒地，玉钗落处无声腻。
纡手却盘老鸦色，翠滑宝钗簪不得。
春风烂漫恼娇慵，十八鬟多无气力。
妆成婑鬌欹不斜，云裾数步踏雁沙。
背人不语向何处？下阶自折樱桃花。
美人梳头歌译文及注释
译文
西施般的美女拂晓还做着梦在清冷的纱帐中，芳香的环形发髻半覆着沉檀枕，蓬蓬松松。
室外响起了咿咿呀呀像玉鸣一样的辘轳声，把芙蓉般的美人从酣睡中惊醒。
打开双鸾镜套，镜子像秋水般光洁，站在象牙床上，解开发髻面对明镜。
一头长长的香丝乌云般一直撒落在地上，玉篦梳理着那细润柔美的头发静静无声。
细嫩的双手推弄着乌黑的发盘，青翠滑润，连宝钗都不能插定。
烂漫的春风吹得她娇柔倦懒，十八岁的美人发髻高高，好像力不能胜。
梳理成的发髻美好而又齐正，穿着华美的服装把脚步轻缓地移动。
背着人脉脉不语，她将去向何处？走下台阶折枝樱桃戴在头顶。
注释
西施：春秋时越国美女，这里代指所写美女。绡帐：丝织的床帐。晋王嘉《拾遗记·蜀》：“ 先主甘后……至十八，玉质柔肌，态媚容冶。先主召入绡帐中，于户外望者如月下聚雪。”
香鬟（huán）：古代妇女的环形发髻。堕髻：堕马髻的省称，为一种发式。《后汉书·梁冀传》记冀妻孙寿“色美而善为妖态，作愁眉、啼妆、堕马髻、折腰步、龋齿笑。”李贤注引《风俗通》：“堕马髻者，侧在一步……始自冀家所为，京师翕然皆放佼之。”沉檀：指用沉檀木做的枕头。
辘轳：井上汲水木。南朝宋刘义庆《世说新语·排调》：“顾曰：‘井上辘轳卧婴儿。’”咿哑：形容物体转动或摇动声，这里指是辘轳转动的声音，其声如玉之鸣。
芙蓉：借指美人。《西京杂记》卷二：“文君姣好，眉色如望远山，脸际常若芙蓉。”后因以“芙蓉”喻指美女。
双鸾：指镜盖上所绣的鸾鸟。秋水光：形容明镜的光芒像秋水一样明净。
临镜：对镜。唐元稹《三兄遗白角巾》诗：“暗梳蓬发羞临镜，私戴莲花耻见人。”
香丝：指发丝。丝、云：都指美女的头发。
玉钗：玉制的钗。由两股合成，燕形。汉司马相如《美人赋》：“玉钗挂臣冠，罗袖拂臣衣。”或作“玉梳”。
老鸦色：形容头发乌黑。
翠滑：色黑而润泽。多用以形容女人头发。簪（zān）：插定发髻。
烂漫：形容光彩四射。汉王延寿《鲁灵光殿赋》：“丹彩之饰，徒何为乎，浩浩汗汗，流离烂漫。”娇慵：柔弱倦怠貌。宋柳永《临江仙引》词之三：“鲛丝雾吐渐收，细腰无力转娇慵。”
鬟多无气力：发长髻高好像力不能胜。
婑（此字应为“髟”下加“委”，音wǒ）鬌（duǒ）：形容发髻美好。欹（qī）：倾斜之意。“欹不斜”，指发髻似斜非斜。
云裾（jū）：轻柔飘动如云的衣襟。宋陈著《柳梢青·寿吴竹溪内》词：“缥缈瑶城。客情春小，本分寒轻。霞佩云裾，步联西母，笑倚飞琼。”
背（bèi）人：避开别人。
樱桃：果木名。落叶乔木。花白色而略带红晕，春日先叶开放。核果多为红色，味甜或带酸。核可入药。木材坚硬致密，可制器具。亦指其果实或花。
参考资料：
1、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：224-226
美人梳头歌创作背景
这是李贺创作的一首艳体诗，当作于元和（唐宪宗年号，806—820年）早期，具体作年不详。
参考资料：
1、宋绪连 初旭．三李诗鉴赏辞典．长春：吉林文史出版社，1992：812-815
美人梳头歌鉴赏
李贺以其秾丽的笔触写过一些堪称“艳诗”的诗，如《洛姝真珠》、《恼公》、《夜饮朝眠曲》、《河阳歌》、《花游曲》、《石城晓》、《夜来乐》等等。其中的一些主人公是倡家者流，浓艳之外，略带几分轻佻；另一些是贵妇或名门闺秀，虽然俊俏，但贪图享乐，贵族气相当浓郁。这首诗属于后者，它咏歌的“美人”娇嗔慷懒，却颇有风韵，显得楚楚动人。诗人选择的题材不是美人整个白天或夜晚的生活状况，而是其中的一个片断——梳头。对于一般人来说梳头是件小事，不值得一提；而于美人，却是件不可等闲视之的大事，因为头发（包括发式）的美，乃是女性最富特征的方面，梳理头发，关系到能不能充分展示自己美丽的姿色和迷人的风韵。李贺巧妙地选取美人梳头时的情状，以表现她的整体美。
诗分三个部分，开头四句写梳头前的情状：“西施晓梦绡帐寒，香鬟堕髻半沉檀。”西施代指所写美人。此时天色已明，而她还躺在薄薄的罗帐里周游梦乡哩。句中的“晓”字点明时间，晓而未起，见出其“娇慵”。而“寒”字除标明节令是早春外，还暗示她是孤眠。孤枕寒衾，已是无耐，况值春天，尤其难堪。此处透露了“恼”的直接原因。“香鬟”句是梳头的伏笔。睡在床上的她，鬟髻不整，欲坠未坠，散发阵阵清香，就像悬浮在水中的檀香木。此刻有人从井中汲水，那咿咿哑哑的辘轳声传来，把美人惊醒。她睁开惺忪的睡眼，容光焕发，恰似出水芙蓉。
中间八句正面写梳头。梳头要临镜，不然就无法审视自己。这位美人下得床来，首先打开饰着双鸾，像秋水般放射出耀眼光芒的明镜，然后解开鬟髻，让头发自然地披散下来。尽管她站立在象床上，那浓密如云、纤细如丝的长发，仍然拖至地面，散发出诱人的浓香。玉钗从长发上滑落下来，几乎没有声响。“无声腻”为“腻无声”之倒装，“腻”指长发柔细而滑，是“无声”的缘由。接着动手梳理，把像乌鸦羽毛那样黑中带碧的长发盘结起来，恢复鬟髻的原择。由于梳得匀，盘得实，映着光线，如同碧丝一般，滑腻得连宝钗也插不稳。可见这位美人在梳理上花了不少功夫。此时她显得既娇美又疲惫：“春风烂漫恼娇慵，十八鬟多无气功。”这略带夸张的笔墨，把主人公此时此刻特有的美充分表现出来。明代的评家丘象升、姚佺激赏此二句。丘就其中的“恼、娇、慵”发表见解说：“三者美人之恒态也。”姚对美人梳头后显得“无气力”作了这样的分析：“虽缘鬟多，亦缘恼，亦缘娇，亦缘慵也。”二人所论极是。“金屋藏阿娇”，阿娇之所以“娇”，就因生活在“金屋”里，锦衣玉食，给宠坏了。娇惯了就喜爱生气，养成了懒散的习性。总而言之，这位美人身上有着浓烈的贵族气。贵族气固然不好，但美貌的少女或少妇带点娇嗔，却也别有风致。其中或者含有美的价值的自我评估，通过心理传导，使观赏者于美感快感之外，产生一种仰慕之情。真正的美理应受到永恒的尊重。
末四句写梳头完毕后的身姿步态：发式秀美大方，无论是鬟是髻，都不偏不倚。“婑（此字应为‘髟’下加‘委’）鬌”，音wǒduǒ，头发美好的样子。此处，头发梳成后的状貌只一笔带过。接着描述她如何曳动云裾，缓缓走下台阶。“踏雁沙”是比喻，形容其步履所至，如大雁行于沙地，显得匀缓从容。然后默默起走向庭院，采摘繁英如雪的樱桃树枝。诗歌结尾与杜甫的《佳人》颇有相似之处。凡是美人都有天生的丽质，这样的“丽质”会在一举一动中表现出来。不过杜甫写的是落拓的佳人，她摘花、采柏的风姿尽管高雅，却带有清苦的况味；李贺笔下的这位美人的身姿步态则搀有优美与傲慢。这些是客观环境影响所致，属于“后天”。
这首诗主要表述行动过程，按照通常写法，当以赋笔为主，诗人却纯用画笔把它表现出来。全诗十六句，句句是画，或者说句句有画，即是像“背人不语向何处”也是一幅无声的画。这位美人的气质、情绪和心性，通过“不语”更加充分地显现出来。
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李太玄《
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玉女舞霓裳》
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李群玉《
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同郑相并歌姬小饮戏赠》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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代赵倅燕广德守钱郎中致语口号
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宋代：
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史浩
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清朝登用是儒宗，尤喜桐川协气浓。画戟林中今长贰，红莲幕里昔游从。
云飞共庆情方洽，鲸饮何妨量有容。且向山城足欢谑，他年接武亚夔龙。
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泊舟大湘
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明代：
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停棹投渔火，人烟自一区。
远行衔月浅，隔水度营孤。
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杂兴十首 其一
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宋代：
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方一夔
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马惟画骨空嗟瘦，龙不点睛那解飞。差有陈编相伴住，时将诗句洗前非。
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酒泉子 春夜
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清代：
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吴绮
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花影夭邪，晴月照人今夜。罗窗半展泪痕斜，有些些。
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铜雀台
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元代：
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陈孚
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古台百尺生野蒿，昔谁筑此当涂高。上有三千金步摇，满陵寒柏围凤绡。
西飞燕子东伯劳，尘间泉下路迢迢。龙帐银筝紫檀槽，怨入漳河翻夜涛。
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题郭主簿模摩诘本辋川图卷 其十五 白石滩
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元代：
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杨敬德
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湍驶风逾清，水明石可把。倚杖独移时，白鸥翩然下。