减字木兰花·空床响琢
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宋代]：苏轼
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空床响琢，花上春禽冰上雹。醉梦尊前，惊起湖风入坐寒。
转关镬索，春水流弦霜入拨。月堕更阑，更请宫高奏独弹。
减字木兰花·空床响琢译文及注释
译文
琵琶声像琢磨玉器一样，声如春鸟鸣转，雹落冰下。醉倒在酒杯前，又感到飕飕寒意，如湖上刮起来的风吹入座中。
弹奏《转关六幺》琵琶曲，琵琶拨弦发出春天流水的声响，是一种流动的美感。五更将尽月落之时，更请弹奏高昂的宫调。
注释
减字木兰花：原唐教坊曲，双调四十四字，与“木兰花”相比，前后片第一、三句各减三字，改为平仄韵互换格，每片两仄韵，两平韵。
响琢（zhuó）：即响玉，比喻乐声如击玉，清脆悦耳。
花上春禽冰上雹（báo）：春天花上的禽鸟、寒冬冰雹击地，比喻乐声时而轻柔鲜丽，时而冷峻高亢。
尊：同“樽”，酒杯。
湖：此指颍州西湖。入座寒：此词与《九月十五日观月听琴西湖示座客》作于同时，深秋月夜，寒意袭人。
转关镬（huò）索：传说是两首古曲。
春水流弦：比喻曲声流动的美感。霜入拨：重。拨，指拨弦的器具。
更阑：指五更将尽的时候。相当于“拂晓”。
宫高奏独弹：独自弹奏高昂的宫调。
参考资料：
1、洪柏昭选注．中国古代十大词人作品选 上：花城出版社，2000.04：第202页
2、叶嘉莹主编．苏轼词新释辑评 上册：中国书店，2007.1：第298页-第300页
3、南山注析．浮世清歌 宋词三百首精选：中国文联出版社，2015.10：第71页
4、王秋生辑注．欧阳修、苏轼颍州诗词详注辑评：黄山书社，2004.12：第495页
减字木兰花·空床响琢创作背景
这首词作于宋神宗熙宁七年（1074年）十一月赴密州途经海州时。与创作有关的本事，苏轼在《与蔡景繁十四首》其九中说得最清楚：“朐山临海石室，信如所论。前某尝携家一游，时家有胡琴婢，就窒中作《镬索》《凉州》，凛然有冰车铁马之声。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹主编．苏轼词新释辑评 上册：中国书店，2007.1：第298页-第300页
减字木兰花·空床响琢鉴赏
这是一首听乐词。听乐词由听乐诗发展而来。在包括音乐在内的唐代艺术全面繁荣的背景下，唐诗百花园中出现了听乐诗等新的品种。在众多的听乐诗中，李颀的《听董大弹胡笳弄兼寄语房给事》、韩愈的《听颖师弹琴》和李贺的《李凭箜篌引》无疑是其中的精品，自居易的《琵琶行》虽非听乐诗，但诗中片段的音乐描写更为人所称道。宋词在抒情方面固然有自身的优长，而在题材领域却大抵承袭前代诗歌的余绪，听乐词也偶有所见。在东坡词之前，欧阳修的《玉楼春·即席赋琵琶》已开了先例。
开头一句便以琢玉的音响写琵琶声的清脆，接着以花枝上春鸟的鸣啭写琵琶声的悠扬婉转，又以雹落冰上写其质实沉闷；过片之后，再以弦上春水的流动写乐声的流美，以霜华人拨写乐声的凝重。综合地看，作者以一连串比喻写出了琵琶乐声的变化多端与悦耳动听，把看不见摸不着的乐声化为具体可感的形象（以语言文字为媒介），是对前人技法很好地继承。自居易在《琵琶行》中写道：“问关莺语花底滑，幽咽泉流冰下难。冰泉冷涩弦凝绝，凝绝不通声暂歇。”前后相较，同样臻于工妙。
此外，对主体感受的叙写以及环境气氛的渲染，也值得注意。这突出地表现为上阕三、四两句：“醉梦尊前，惊起湖风入座寒。”前一句实际上写出了宴席间听琵琶演奏时如醉如痴的感觉，后一句则渲染了当前的环境气氛：精妙绝人的琵琶声仿佛将湖风惊起，吹到座上，使人感到了一股寒意，——这应当是“冰上雹”的音响所产生的艺术效果。这与《琵琶行》中“东船西舫悄无言，惟见江心秋月白”这一笔衬托相比，也未必逊色。
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柳永《
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王维《
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送赵都督赴代州得青字》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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