朝三暮四
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两汉]：佚名
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宋有狙公者，爱狙，养之成群，能解狙之意；狙亦得公之心。损其家口，充狙之欲。俄而匮焉，将限其食，恐众狙之不训于己也。先诳之曰：“与若芧，朝三而暮四，足乎？”众狙皆起怒。俄而曰：“与若芧，朝四而暮三，足乎？”众狙皆伏而喜。
朝三暮四译文及注释
译文
宋国（今商丘）有一个养猕猴的老人，他很喜欢猕猴，养的猕猴成群，他能懂得猕猴们的心意，猕猴们懂得那个人的心意。那位老人因此减少了他全家的口粮，来满足猕猴们的欲望。但是不久，家里缺乏食物了，他将要限制猕猴们的食物，但又怕猕猴们生气不听从自己，就先骗猕猴们：“我给你们的橡树果实，早上三颗，晚上四颗，这样够吗？”众多猕猴一听很生气，都跳了起来。过了一会儿，他又说：“我给你们的橡树果实，早上四颗，晚上三颗，这样足够吗？”猕猴们听后都很开心地趴下，都很高兴对那老人服服帖帖的了。
注释
狙（jū）公：养猴子的老头。
解：了解，理解，懂得。
狙：猴子。
意：心意。
得：懂得。
得公之心：了解养猴老人的心思。
损：减。
口：口粮。
充：满足。
欲：欲望，要求。
俄而：一会儿，不久。
匮：缺乏。
限：限制。
恐：恐怕。
驯（xùn）：驯服，顺从，听从。引申为服服帖帖。
诳（kuáng）：欺骗。
之：代词，它，代指猴子们。
与：给。
若：文言文中的人称代词，代“你”、“你们”，文中指猴子们。
芧（xù）：橡树的果实，俗称“橡实”。
朝：早上。
足：够，足够。
众：所有的。
皆：都。
起怒：一齐生气起来。怒：恼怒，生气。
伏而喜：都很高兴地趴在地上（一般是动物感到满足时的动作）。
朝三暮四鉴赏
这个故事原来的意义，是阐述一个哲学道理，是《庄子·齐物论》中一则重要的寓言故事，无论朝三暮四还是朝四暮三，其实众猴子所得到的并没有增加或减少，猴子们喜怒为用就显得很可笑。狙公好比是载众生的“大块”而猴子就像是纷乱红尘中的众生。那些追求名和实的理论家，总是试图区分事物的不同性质，而不知道事物本身们就有同一性。最后不免像猴子一样，被朝三暮四和朝四暮三所蒙蔽。告诫人们要放开计较得失的凡心，因为人的一生一死、一得一失都是一时的，到最后我们将会发现我们并没有失去什么，也没有得到什么。因为无论形式有多少种，本质只有一种。宋《二程全书·遗书·十八·伊川先生语》：“若曰圣人不使人知，岂圣人之心是后世朝三暮四之术也？”遗憾的是，后来应用这个成语的人，并不十分清楚朝三暮四的出处，把它和“朝秦暮楚”混淆了。而后者指的是战国时期，秦、楚两大强国对立，有些弱小国家一会儿倒向秦国，一会儿倒向楚国。就像在美苏争霸时期，有些非洲国家时而倒向美国，时而倒向苏联。朝三暮四本来与此无关，但以讹传讹，天长日久，大家也就习惯把“朝三暮四”理解为没有原则，反复无常了。
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江盈科《
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外科医生》
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三人成虎》
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最好花常最后开。
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元代：
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孙华孙
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朝行谷水东，暮行谷水西。
谷水日日流，驿舟日日来。
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宋代：
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孙觌
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宋代：
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西风篱落兴悠然，秋影横江雁帖天。
短发未成吹帽饮，高吟先赠把茱篇。
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明代：
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佘翔
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北斗天高不可从，灵岩壁立翠重重。松间此日来双鹤，云里何年驻六龙。
短褐朝元随羽节，空山采秀蹑仙踪。日斜笑倚卢敖杖，谷口西风落暝钟。