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《朝三暮四》原文及意思全解_佚名作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php</b> on line <b>26</b><br /> 怎祝网
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朝三暮四

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两汉
]:佚名


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宋有狙公者,爱狙,养之成群,能解狙之意;狙亦得公之心。损其家口,充狙之欲。俄而匮焉,将限其食,恐众狙之不训于己也。先诳之曰:“与若芧,朝三而暮四,足乎?”众狙皆起怒。俄而曰:“与若芧,朝四而暮三,足乎?”众狙皆伏而喜。

朝三暮四译文及注释

译文

宋国(今商丘)有一个养猕猴的老人,他很喜欢猕猴,养的猕猴成群,他能懂得猕猴们的心意,猕猴们懂得那个人的心意。那位老人因此减少了他全家的口粮,来满足猕猴们的欲望。但是不久,家里缺乏食物了,他将要限制猕猴们的食物,但又怕猕猴们生气不听从自己,就先骗猕猴们:“我给你们的橡树果实,早上三颗,晚上四颗,这样够吗?”众多猕猴一听很生气,都跳了起来。过了一会儿,他又说:“我给你们的橡树果实,早上四颗,晚上三颗,这样足够吗?”猕猴们听后都很开心地趴下,都很高兴对那老人服服帖帖的了。

注释

狙(jū)公:养猴子的老头。

解:了解,理解,懂得。

狙:猴子。

意:心意。

得:懂得。

得公之心:了解养猴老人的心思。

损:减。

口:口粮。

充:满足。

欲:欲望,要求。

俄而:一会儿,不久。

匮:缺乏。

限:限制。

恐:恐怕。

驯(xùn):驯服,顺从,听从。引申为服服帖帖。

诳(kuáng):欺骗。

之:代词,它,代指猴子们。

与:给。

若:文言文中的人称代词,代“你”、“你们”,文中指猴子们。

芧(xù):橡树的果实,俗称“橡实”。

朝:早上。

足:够,足够。

众:所有的。

皆:都。

起怒:一齐生气起来。怒:恼怒,生气。

伏而喜:都很高兴地趴在地上(一般是动物感到满足时的动作)。

朝三暮四鉴赏

  这个故事原来的意义,是阐述一个哲学道理,是《庄子·齐物论》中一则重要的寓言故事,无论朝三暮四还是朝四暮三,其实众猴子所得到的并没有增加或减少,猴子们喜怒为用就显得很可笑。狙公好比是载众生的“大块”而猴子就像是纷乱红尘中的众生。那些追求名和实的理论家,总是试图区分事物的不同性质,而不知道事物本身们就有同一性。最后不免像猴子一样,被朝三暮四和朝四暮三所蒙蔽。告诫人们要放开计较得失的凡心,因为人的一生一死、一得一失都是一时的,到最后我们将会发现我们并没有失去什么,也没有得到什么。因为无论形式有多少种,本质只有一种。宋《二程全书·遗书·十八·伊川先生语》:“若曰圣人不使人知,岂圣人之心是后世朝三暮四之术也?”遗憾的是,后来应用这个成语的人,并不十分清楚朝三暮四的出处,把它和“朝秦暮楚”混淆了。而后者指的是战国时期,秦、楚两大强国对立,有些弱小国家一会儿倒向秦国,一会儿倒向楚国。就像在美苏争霸时期,有些非洲国家时而倒向美国,时而倒向苏联。朝三暮四本来与此无关,但以讹传讹,天长日久,大家也就习惯把“朝三暮四”理解为没有原则,反复无常了。


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