辋川别业
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唐代]：王维
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不到东山向一年，归来才及种春田。
雨中草色绿堪染，水上桃花红欲然。
优娄比丘经论学，伛偻丈人乡里贤。
披衣倒屣且相见，相欢语笑衡门前。
辋川别业译文及注释
译文
没到东山已经将近一年，归来正好赶上耕种春田。
细雨涤尘草色绿可染衣，水边桃花红艳如火将燃。
从事经论学的有道高僧，年老伛偻了的超逸乡贤。
披衣倒屣出来和我相见，开怀谈笑站在柴门之前。
注释
别业：别墅。
东山：指辋川别业所在的蓝田山。
春田：春季的田地。
堪：可以，能够。
欲：一作“亦”。然：同“燃”。
优娄：释迦牟尼的弟子。比丘：亦作“比邱”。佛教语。梵语的译音。意译“乞士”，以上从诸佛乞法，下就俗人乞食得名，为佛教出家“五众”之一。指已受具足戒的男性，俗称和尚。经论：佛教指三藏中的经藏与论藏。《梁书·谢举传》：“为晋陵郡时，常与义僧递讲经论。”
伛（yǔ）偻（lǚ）：特指脊梁弯曲，驼背。丈人：古时对老人的尊称。
⑻披衣：将衣服披在身上而臂不入袖。倒屣（xǐ）：急于出迎，把鞋倒穿。后因以形容热情迎客。
语笑：谈笑。衡门：横木为门。指简陋的房屋。《诗经·陈风·衡门》：“衡门之下，可以栖迟。”汉毛氏传：“衡门，横木为门，言浅陋也。栖迟，游息也。”
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：180-181
辋川别业创作背景
此诗当作于天宝（唐玄宗年号，742—756）年间李林甫当政时。天宝三载（744年）后王维买下宋之问位于辋川山谷（今陕西蓝田县西南10余公里处）的辋川山庄，作为他母亲奉佛修行的隐居之地。辋川有胜景二十处，王维和裴迪逐处作诗，编为《辋川集》，《辋川别业》是其中的一首。
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：180-181
辋川别业鉴赏
内容点评
《辋川别业》是一首写景言情的七律，写王维在辋川隐居时期的田园生活。此诗先写作者未到辋川将近一年，回来时正好赶上春耕的农忙季节。沿途所见雨中浓绿的草色，足可染物；水上火红的桃花像是要燃烧起来，十分迷人。作者与乡间的人们相处无间，无论是僧人还是隐居乡里的老人，一听说作者回来了，都披衣倒屣赶来相见，开怀畅谈柴门之前。这与陶渊明的“相思则披衣，言笑无厌时”一样，表现了乡里间淳朴亲密的人际关系，与“人情翻覆似波澜”的官场形成鲜明的对比，表现了作者对乡间田园生活的喜爱。
前四句诗中作者运用了夸张的设色法。春播的季节，山野之中最惹人注意的就是春草与桃花。春草是怎样的，桃花是怎样的，人们大都有亲身感受。所以，要处理得使人如身临其境，是不大容易的。但王维自有见地，他使用了“堪染”来突出一个“绿”字，用“欲然”来突出一个“红”字，这就是画家的眼光、画家的用色法。把红与绿给予高度的强调——红得似乎要燃烧起来；绿得好似可以用作染料。于是盎然的春意，便通过红绿二色的突出与夸张而跃然纸上了。
颔联两句为传世名句，写的是辋川春天的景色。将静态景物，写得具有强烈地动感，使本已很美的绿草、红花，被形容得更加碧绿，更加红艳。这种色彩明艳的画面，反映了诗人“相欢语笑”的喜悦心情，意境优美，清新明快。这两句以夸张的手法写秾丽的春景，与“桃花复含宿雨，柳绿更带朝烟”（王维《田园乐七首》）有异曲同工之妙。
格律分析
从格律上看，此诗有四处拗，其中前两处可以确定有救。全诗后半部分平仄较为混乱，出律颇多。第一处是第三句“雨中草色绿堪染（仄平仄仄仄平仄）”第五字本应用平声，这里用了仄声，对句“水上桃花红欲燃（仄仄平平平仄平）”第三字变仄为平救。第二处是第六句“伛偻丈人乡里贤（仄仄仄平平仄平）”第三字本应用平声，这里用了仄声，句内第三字变仄为平救。第三处是第七句“披衣倒屣且相见（平平仄仄仄平仄）”第五字本应用平声，这里用了仄声。第四处是第八句“相欢语笑衡门前（平平仄仄平平平）”，首先，第八句与第七句失对；其次，第五字本应用仄声，这里用了平声，三平尾在格律诗中几乎是一种错误句式，但在此诗的特殊情况下，或可理解为是对第七句拗的一种另类补救。此诗还存在“失对”现象。第六句根据第五句平仄情况，格律本应为“平平仄仄仄平平”，但此处却用了粘，是为失对。第八句根据第七句平仄情况，格律本应为“仄仄平平仄仄平”，但此处却用了粘，再次失对。此诗后半部分发生的连续失对，拗而不救，三平尾等现象的集中出现，在格律诗中非常罕见。
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李颀《
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望秦川》
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王沂孙《
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醉蓬莱·归故山》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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宋代：
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张方平
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不必山林远，且离朝市喧。前轩好风月，高客共琴樽。
在所同浮世，何须忆故园。八琼还返事，聊更话根源。