长平箭头歌
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唐代]：李贺
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漆灰骨末丹水沙，凄凄古血生铜花。
白翎金竿雨中尽，直余三脊残狼牙。
我寻平原乘两马，驿东石田蒿坞下。
风长日短星萧萧，黑旗云湿悬空夜。
左魂右魄啼肌瘦，酪瓶倒尽将羊炙。
虫栖雁病芦笋红，回风送客吹阴火。
访古丸澜收断镞，折锋赤璺曾刲肉。
南陌东城马上儿，劝我将金换簝竹。
长平箭头歌译文及注释
译文
秦将白起破池赵，四十万众尽埋此，我手拿一只破旧的箭头目驰四荒，心鹜八极。
黑处的如漆灰，白处的如骨末，红处的如丹砂，缕缕古血沾染铮铮铜铁，生成的铜花，那是千年地底血与土的兑化。
箭羽、箭竿已在凄风冷雨中腐蚀殆尽，只剩下，只剩下三棱箭头如狼牙。
在长平的荒原上，两马并驾，走过长平驿站之东，走过满是石子的田园，来到蒿草丛生的山坞之下。
平原的长风在吹刮，平原的日头在西挂。孤星冷月，寂寥无边，湿云漫布如黑旗猎猎，夜空混沌如鬼魅游移。
地底下，骷髅成堆，左魂右魄在哭啼。酪瓶倒尽，我把酒洒满地，羊羔烹尽，我把它摆整齐。国殇之众，久无人祭，地底之鬼，久受馁饥。
遥望四野，虫栖雁病，芦笋焦黄，满目凄然，旋风忽起，阴火明灭。是死鬼要感谢我祭祀的恩惠，还是来送客，知我不久将回。
千百年后来吊访的我呀！涕泗纵横，泣不成声。收起一只断裂、腐蚀的箭镞，这已经失去锋芒、满是裂痕的箭头啊！曾经穿坚入肉、伤人以毒。
我正低头沉思，而东城南山的骑马小儿郎；吆喝着要我掏金买竹，再把它配成攻坚刺钝的弓弩。
注释
丹水：丹河，发源于山西晋城高平市丹朱岭，南北贯穿全境，经晋城市郊区、焦作沁阳市汇入沁河。
白翎金竿：箭尾箭杆。
三脊：箭头隆起三脊，如狼牙状。
坞：构筑在村落外围作为屏障的土堡。
丸澜：泪流状。
簝竹：辟肉竹器。
长平箭头歌鉴赏
在唐代灿若繁星的诗人中，李贺流星般短暂的传奇式的不幸命运，他绚丽奇崛的才华，随着时光的流逝愈加光灿夺目。他是那个时代的另类天才，他没有王维、孟浩然的淳淡深远、恬静优美；没有高适、岑参的深广悲壮、淋漓豪迈；也没有李白的洒脱旷达。王维失意时可以隐居辋川庄，可以“行到水深处，坐看云起时”，李白失意时可以“仰天大笑出门去，吾辈岂是蓬蒿人”。但李贺不行，他是悲歌的骏马，他的诗是他灵魂的狂放、孤独、失意与绝望的写照，他甚至只有死亡才能终止他的绝望。
李贺离开家乡昌谷的最后一次，是到泽潞二州去作张彻的幕僚。遭谤而不得中进士，又在京城从九品的奉礼郎的寒职上无谓地消耗了三年光阴，这都已是过去的事了。在诗人心中，泽潞之行，已谈不上什么争求仕进，只是为了谋求生路而已。在昌谷到潞州途中经过泽州长平的时候，李贺写了这首《长平箭头歌》。这是一首怀古诗，诗歌的这种发生机缘在唐代诗人中很是常见，怀古诗早已是具备自身创作规则的诗歌类型。大概地说，诗人写凭吊古迹时的内心感触，先交待景物与时令，然后用一两个典故，以示对当年情形的追忆，最后归结到自己的身世之感，并借以抒发渴望用世的情怀。然而，《长平箭头歌》鲜明地表示：李贺的性格和想象方式与正统文人是多么地不同。在应该写怀古体的场合，李贺选择的却是“国殇”。
诗由诗人在秦白起曾坑卒四十万人的长平驿所捡到的一个铜箭头引发，这是一个浸沾人血、入土年深、漆灰等物犹然未泯、斑斓如花的铜箭头。箭头仅仅是一个符号，在刚拾到之际，我感到，诗人似乎尚未清晰地意识到它的含意。诗歌所描述的事情发生在傍晚时分的一个空旷的古战场上。诗歌在进行中陈述了这一来自另一时代、另一世界的符号，如何在诗人的注视下逐层透露出它的内涵。到了第七、八句“风长日短星萧萧，黑旗云湿悬空夜”时，我就分明地感受到的这里显然不仅仅是白昼到黑夜的转变，而是诗人自身两种迥别的心灵状态之间的分野。在接下来的诗句中，我比在《长吉歌诗集》中其它任何地方更清楚地看到了鬼神世界中的李贺：云彩变成了近千年前的战旗，风的呼啸声是阵亡的鬼魂的哀嚎。这绝不仅仅是一种“泪沾襟”式的感伤，而是最原始意义上的宗教体验。但是，这种体验是不可能持久的。“访古丸澜收断镞，折锋赤璺曾刲肉”。一切过去之后，剩下的又只是这块浸沾人血、斑斓如花的短箭头，这块被人世遗忘的小铜片。然而由于这一历史的碎片在诗人想象中曾起到过的效用，在诗人心中，它现在也成了一种神符，是诗人的珍宝。
即使是珍宝又能被谁珍惜呢？拿到城中之后，只有骑在马上的一个小男孩子觉得好玩，愿意拿一些编篮子的竹簝来交换。李贺在与神交往后所遗留下来的唯一信物，在世俗的人世间竟然没有了丝毫的意味。这是一种多么令人窒息的讽刺啊！诗人祭神的仪典，注定只能一个人在无人涉足的荒原上举行，注定无法遮蔽住自然流溢的森森寒意！
诗人曾高唱：“此马非凡马，房星本是星”，而现实中他遭遇的却是“啼鸟被弹归”的宿命。他内心企慕着“灵偃蹇兮姣服”的舞步和“下峥嵘而无地兮，上寥阔而无天”的神游，而人世所给予他的最高的承认和最大的荣耀，却是在一个元气大伤的王朝的太常寺里做一个小小的奉礼郎，为一些早已没人信奉的鬼神的祭祀捧捧场。这个曾经是“少年心事当拿云”的意气少年，在灵魂旷绝尘嚣的凄伤落寞之逼迫下，不得不发出“我当二十不得意，一心愁谢如枯兰”的长叹息！静静地思索这个奉礼郎的心灵及其境遇，不难想象对历史、对人生、对他所生存的这个世界，诗人感受到的是多么旷绝尘嚣的悲哀和绝望。
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贺铸《
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黄景仁《
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贺新郎·太白墓和雅存韵》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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张问陶
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君至欣如我到家，剪灯絮絮问三巴。一年聚散悲身事，万里庭闱感岁华。
何日乡居随父老，不堪旅食饱风沙。近来苦忆乡园乐，牛背斜眠嗅稻花。
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咏史下·羊祜
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宋代：
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陈普
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尺鲤何曾到贾充，太阿曾拟血王戎。
泪痕不到沉碑上，似为苞苴走路中。
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病中呈诸友
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宋代：
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朱熹
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穷居值秋晦，抱疾独斋居。行稀草生径，一雨复旬馀。
交亲各所营，旷若音尘疏。始悟端居乐，复理北窗书。