玉华宫
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唐代]：杜甫
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贞观二十一年，作玉华宫，后改为寺，在宜君县北凤凰谷。
溪回松风长，苍鼠窜古瓦。
不知何王殿，遗构绝壁下。
阴房鬼火青，坏道哀湍泻。
万籁真笙竽，秋色正萧洒。
美人为黄土，况乃粉黛假。
当时侍金舆，故物独石马。
忧来藉草坐，浩歌泪盈把。
冉冉征途间，谁是长年者？
玉华宫译文及注释
译文
溪路回转松林里的风很大，有老鼠在古老的瓦檐上窜跳。
这里不知道是给哪个王修的殿宇，建构在绝壁之下。
阴冷的房屋里有青色的鬼火，毁坏了的道路上有湍急的流水。
大自然的声音是真正的音乐，秋天里的景物正是最美的时候。
当时的美人都已成了黄土，何况是泥塑的木偶呢。
当时能侍奉在皇帝左右的，也唯独剩下石马了。
心里感到忧愁，坐在草上，大唱一首歌，眼泪落了一大把。
漫漫的征途中，谁又能活到一大把岁数。
注释
玉华宫：在陕西省宜君县西北，是贞观二十一年（647年）所建，依山临涧，环境十分幽美。唐高宗永徽二年（651年），改宫观为庙宇，废为玉华寺。
贞观二十一年：即公元647年，贞观是唐太宗年号。
宜君县：今属陕西，位于今陕西省铜川市北部。
回：一作“迥”。.松风：松林之风。
遗构：前代留下的建筑物。绝壁：陡峭的山壁。
阴房：阴凉的房室。鬼火：磷火。迷信者以为是幽灵之火，故称。
坏道：毁坏的道路。湍（tuān）泻：湍急的流水泻下。
万籁（lài）：各种声响。籁，从孔穴中发出的声音。笙（shēng）竽（yú）：两种乐器名。一作“竽瑟”。
色：一作“气”，一作“光”。正：一作“极”。萧洒：即潇洒，清丽；爽朗。
况乃：何况；况且。粉黛：敷面的白粉和画眉的黛墨，均为化妆用品。
金舆（yú）：帝王乘坐的车轿。《史记·礼书》：“人体安驾乘，为之金舆错衡，以繁其饰。”
故物：旧物；前人遗物。石马：石雕的马。古时多列于帝王及贵官墓前。
藉（jiè）：凭借，依靠。
浩歌：放声高歌，大声歌唱。
盈把：满把。把，一手握取的数量。
冉（rǎn）冉：渐进貌。形容时光渐渐流逝。
长年者：长寿的人。
玉华宫创作背景
此诗作于唐肃宗至德二载（757年）闰八月。时安史之乱国家破败不堪，人民灾难深重。杜甫政治上受到打击，内心凄凉。他自长安回陕北鄜州探视妻子，路过残破的玉华宫，触景生情，写下了这首诗。玉华宫到杜甫路过之时，已历经百余年，已改为寺，境地荒凉。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编．成都：四川文艺出版社，1990：268-270
玉华宫鉴赏
玉华宫，在写此诗时已废为玉华寺，但此诗题不作“玉华寺”，而是写作“玉华宫”，体现了诗人在兵连祸结，国家衰微之时，对贞观之治的无限缅怀和对荣华难驻人世沧桑的感叹，抚今追昔，不禁伤怀无尽。
诗中前八句描写旧宫的凄凉景象。先写旧宫外景：宫前溪水回流，松风长啸，苍褐色的老鼠在古瓦上窜来窜去。这遗弃在绝壁之下的宫殿，不知是何代帝王所建？接着写旧宫内景：那阴森的房中，青莹的灯光仿佛夜间的鬼火一样，年久失修的道路上流着湍急的水，水声好象在哀鸣。而除此以外的一切自然之声，却像笙和竽的吹奏声一样，悦耳动听，宫院内，秋色正显得分外潇洒。这里，作者用穿插手法，在每四句中，前两句写景，欲尽未尽，忽入抒情，在时断时续的跳跃式的写景中，插入自己的感慨，把景与情自然而然地结合起来，避免了平铺直叙，使情景达到了高度的融合。同时，在描写上采用了反衬法，即以乐衬哀。当此海内烽烟四起之际，自然声音、自然景物不因人事而变化，在秋色中显得这般美好，而眼前的古殿，却已满目荒凉。一个“古”字、一个“正”字，透出了此中消息，表现了作者在遣词用字上的匠心独具。这样反衬，昔盛今衰的对比更为强烈，作者的人生无常的感想也暗寓其中，为后八句作了巧妙的铺垫。
诗歌后八句抒写对旧宫荒凉的感慨。前四句承上而来，感叹人与物的幻灭无常。先写人：昔日宫中的美女，早已化为黄土，何况那些殉葬的木偶人呢！再写物：当年陪侍太宗的金舆，多么华美，如今何在？
留存下来的，只有荒殿门前那冰冷的石马了。从对人和物的感慨中，自然而然地引出了后四句的忧叹。诗人难以承受这所见所感的忧伤，瘫坐在草地上，时而高歌，时而痛哭，泪如雨下。他想：在历史的漫漫长河中，有谁能够长存永驻呢？这浩茫无际的人生忧伤，真是无终无了啊！仇兆鳌在《杜诗详注》中说：“上章（指《九成宫》）以伤乱作结，本章（即《玉华宫》）以忧老作结。”其实，这首诗在忧老中，更多地包含着伤乱的心情。作此诗时杜甫已经四十六岁，除困守长安十年外，又经历了三年的战乱，战乱的摧残，使人感到易于衰老，生死无常，他深刻地领悟到人生的艰辛，更体会到战争给人们带来的深重灾难。此时，他看到旧宫的荒凉景象，因景及人，因人而国，将个人的忧伤与国家的命运紧紧地联系起来，忧生而又忧世，使得全诗的意义更为深广，从而产生出更加沉郁的思想力量。
这首诗不仅在结构上显得跳跃而富于变化，同时在音韵上也很有特色。首先，此诗在用韵上，以短促的仄声韵一韵到底，与描写的荒凉景象和抒发的凄楚情绪很协调。其次，诗中多用仄声字，如“苍鼠窜古瓦”、“遗构绝壁下”，都是一平四仄，甚至整句全用仄声字的，如“况乃粉黛假”、“故物独石马”，五字五仄。这就使得诗歌在音律上显得“生拗”，急促有力，造成激昂的声情，给人以一种奇崛的美感。
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黄庭坚《
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病起荆江亭即事》
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施闰章《
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舟中立秋》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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拟寒山寺 其一一一
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：
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释怀深
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有求皆是苦，众生须要求。因名忘性命，为利起戈矛。
不足无时足，知休真下休。死生呼吸至，无人替汝愁。
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送宋承旨归觐大母刘太夫人
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薛似宗
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远冲风雪渡钱塘，欲趁春风到故乡。
百岁报刘知日短，一身许国喜心长。