咏怀二首
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唐代]：李贺
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长卿怀茂陵，绿草垂石井。
弹琴看文君，春风吹鬓影。
梁王与武帝，弃之如断梗。
惟留一简书，金泥泰山顶。
日夕著书罢，惊霜落素丝。
镜中聊自笑，讵是南山期。
头上无幅巾，苦蘗已染衣。
不见清溪鱼，饮水得自宜。
咏怀二首译文及注释
译文
司马相如安居茂陵，绿草蓬蓬垂入石井。
一边弹琴一边看卓文君，只见春风拂动她的鬓影。
可叹梁孝王和汉武帝，把他看得像断梗一样弃置不用。
死后只留下一卷文书，武帝却照着行封禅礼登上泰山顶。
傍晚著书完毕，发现头上白发忽然像霜似的落下一丝，感到很震惊。
端详着镜中早衰的容颜，不禁暗自发笑：像我这样终日愁苦，年纪轻轻就生了白发，那会有南山之寿呢！
头上不裹幅巾，身上穿着用苦蘗染的黄衣，与乡野之人无异。
没有看见清溪里的鱼儿，只是饮些清水，依然是那样怡然自乐吗？
注释
长卿：汉代文学家司马相如的字。他曾经事汉景帝刘启，为武骑常侍。因病罢免。后因《子虚赋》为汉武帝赏识，用为孝文园令，后因病居茂陵。怀：怀居，留恋安逸。茂陵：在今陕西兴平东南，后来汉武帝刘彻墓葬在此。文君：卓文君。司马相如的妻子。
梁王：梁孝王刘武，为汉景帝同母弟弟。
断梗：折断的苇梗。
一筒书：一卷书。
金泥：水银和金子搅拌用于涂封封口。此处指的是涂封封禅时用的封禅书。
著书：一作“看书”。
讵（jù）：岂，怎。南山期：指寿高如南山。《诗经·小雅·天保》：“如南山之寿，不骞不崩。”
幅巾：裹头的绸巾。
苦檗（bò）：也就是“黄蘖”、“黄柏”，落叶乔木，果实色黄，味苦，可作染料用。
自宜：一作“相宜”。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：974
2、朱世英 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：994-996
3、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：18-20
咏怀二首创作背景
李贺因不得举进士，赋闲在昌谷家中，尽管家乡山水清幽，又能享受天伦之乐，却难以排遣苦闷的情怀，因写此组诗。清人方扶南在《李长吉诗批注》中对《咏怀二首》的写作缘起是这样说的：“此二作不得举进士归昌谷后，叹授奉礼郎之微官，前者言去奉礼，后者言在昌谷。”
参考资料：
1、朱世英 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：994-996
咏怀二首鉴赏
第一首诗全借司马相如的行事来抒发自己的愤慨。西汉著名文学家司马相如，字长卿，才华出众，志向远大，但在汉武帝时只当了一名管理前朝文帝墓园的小官。他抑郁不得志，终于弃官而去，闲居在茂陵家中。在他生前，梁孝王刘武与汉武帝刘彻都先后抛弃了他。等他死后，武帝却把他所写祭天地神灵的《封禅书》吹捧起来，而且亲自到泰山隆重祭祀。李贺就抓住这个古人的遭遇，结合自己的身世写出了这首寄寓深远的《咏怀》诗。
诗分前后两部分。前部分四句，描写司马相如被汉武帝遗弃后与爱妻卓文君在茂陵家居时的恩爱闲逸的生活。碧绿的蔓草挂满了井边的石栏，环境是那么优美宁静。相如白天无事，不免又对着知音文君弹起琴来，那曲曲幽韵传达出多少难言的心事。和煦的春风吹乱了文君美丽的鬓影。这里表面上写得悠闲自得，充满了一片天伦之乐，实际却吐露出一种怀才不遇的深深寂寞和感慨，正如鲍照在《拟行路难》其六中所写：“弃置罢官去，还家自休息。……弄儿床前戏，看妇机中织。”同样充塞着一种痛苦到接近麻木的情绪。
后部分也是四句，明写梁王与武帝把相如像断草败梗一般地抛弃，只是武帝更懂得打一下、拉一把的政治权术，为了巩固自己的统治，还要利用相如的遗著《封禅书》，为自己涂脂抹粉。他亲自登上泰山之顶，装模作样地对着天地礼拜。从相如的角度着眼，这个志大才高写下了煌煌赋作的文士，却“惟留一简书，金泥泰山顶”，死后还硬被拉去为统治者粉饰太平，这真是可恨可叹。一个“唯”字，含蓄着诉不尽的凄凉辛酸，似乎他留给人间的贡献，就只是这篇《封禅书》了，这实在太不公平了。
通篇似乎都是写司马相如，其实诗人已经巧妙地将自己融化进去，所以诗作题为《咏怀》。茂陵家居的情景，正是长吉昌谷赋闲的写照；而泰山顶上的封禅礼拜，也正与长吉屈身奉礼郎的虚应礼赞如出一辙。
第二首诗抒写了李贺在昌谷家居的生活和心情，反映了诗人的抑郁忧伤和不幸。
“日夕著书罢，惊霜落素丝。”诗人在夜晚吟咏（著书）方罢，突然瞥见一丝白发象秋霜一般地飘落下来，这个意想不到的发现怎能不使他心头一震？李贺是个苦吟诗人，据说他的诗思常在驴背上觅得，随想随写下来投入身边携带的锦囊中。晚上取出，在灯下斟酌成篇。其母常说：“是儿要当呕出心来”（李商隐《李长吉小传》）。正因为他这样呕心呖血地从事创作，再加上家境贫寒、夙志不伸，所以二十多岁就未老先衰，白发惊秋了。
“镜中聊自笑，讵是南山期。”一“惊”之余，不由便拿出镜子细细端详起来。“聊自笑”，显得这笑是一种对自己的无可奈何的嘲笑，一种难以名状的苦笑，表面上似乎反应是淡漠的、不大在意的，却怎么也掩饰不了内心深藏的无限悲苦。联系诗人曾担当过奉礼郎这样卑微的职位，可知这就是诗人无声的啜泣。说他笑中含哭，大概是不过份的。
“头上无幅巾，苦蘖已染衣。”头上已没有儒雅的头巾可戴，身上只穿着用苦蘖染成的黄衣。这完全是一副村夫山民的打扮了。这两句写诗人的乡居生活，已到了一贫如洗、令人酸鼻的程度。深一层看，诗人不仅是写生活的艰难，而且也暗示自己整个身心都已浸泡在苦水之中。真乃触处生悲，何往而非苦也。
写到这里，诗人已把悲苦情怀推到了高潮。且看他如何收尾。“不见清溪鱼，饮水得相宜？”这是一种自我宽慰之辞，貌似旷达，其实更反衬出诗人的不幸处境。弦不可拉得太紧，诗文也是这样，作者委婉写来，使前面描写中剑拔弩张的紧张气氛缓和了不少。
《咏怀》这类诗，自西晋阮籍创体以来，或托比兴，或借史实，或抒感怀，或重讽谕，其手法多变，总以显示真实情怀，言远旨深为贵。此篇以赋为主，直写自身苦状，透露不遇心态，塑造出一个受压制被鄙弃的知识分子的自我形象，就认识和审美价值而言，是有它的独特贡献的。
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柳宗元《
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闻籍田有感》
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刘禹锡《
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浪淘沙·其六》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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范景文
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春禊何如秋禊佳，幽芳九畹露滋荄。风传金气园邻谷，门接桑田里是柴。
貌出群贤皆似鹤，坐当古木半如楷。远香无用标新榜，即曰兰亭义却谐。
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题卢益脩画水仙花
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元代：
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柯九思
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煖琼柔翠晓慵妆，香损鸳鸯瓦上霜。帝子愁多春梦远，佩摇明月近潇湘。
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茅舍书声
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戴梓
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瓜藤墙外接陂陀，薜荔为居面碧波。一卷正当风里读，蓼花秋浦下渔歌。
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春日郊行杂咏 其八
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弘历
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掩映耕云种雨家，金吾行处不教哗。豳风图画谁传得，海子门西十里斜。