醉中感怀
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宋代]：陆游
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早岁君王记姓名，只今憔悴客边城。
青衫犹是鵷行旧，白发新从剑外生。
古戍旌旗秋惨淡，高城刁斗夜分明。
壮心未许全消尽，醉听檀槽出塞声。
醉中感怀译文及注释
译文
年轻时蒙君王记起陆游，现如今居边城憔悴哀愁。
依旧是穿青衫位列八品，早已剑阁门外白发满头。
古堡上飘旌旗秋色惨淡，深更夜响刁斗声震城楼。
怀壮志收失地此心未灭，醉梦中闻军乐出塞伐胡。
注释
憔悴：忧貌。
鹓（yuān）行：指朝官的行列。
剑外：唐人称剑阁以南蜀中地区为剑外。
刁斗：古代军中用具，白天用来烧饭，晚上敲击巡更。
檀槽：用檀木做的弦乐器上的格子，这里指代军乐。
醉中感怀创作背景
宋孝宗乾道九年（1173）陆游四十九岁时，任成都府路安抚使司参议官，兼摄蜀州（今四川崇州）通判，自蜀州返成都，夜宿驿站而作此诗。
参考资料：
1、缪钺，霍松林等．宋诗鉴赏辞典 新1版：上海辞书出版社，2015.07：1004
醉中感怀鉴赏
诗的一、二句于今昔变化之中自然流露出“感怀”之意，意犹未足，于是再申两句——“青衫犹是鸩行旧，白发新从剑外生”。“青衫”，唐代八、九品文官的服色，宋代因袭唐制。陆游早年在朝廷任大理司直、枢密院编修官，都是正八品，所以说“青衫”。“鹓行”，又称鹓鹭，因二鸟群飞有序，喻指朝官的行列。这句诗的意思是说，身上穿的还是旧日“青衫”，那也就含有久沉下僚的感叹。“剑外”，指剑阁以南的蜀中地区，此处即代指当时陆游宦游的成都、嘉州等处。青衫依旧，白发新生，形象真切，自成对偶。同时，第三句又回应了第一句，第四句又补充了第二句，怀旧伤今，抚今追昔，回肠千转，唱叹有情，所以卢世灌说“三、四无限感慨”（《唐宋诗醇》引），倒是颇能发掘诗意的。
诗的前四句从叙事中写自己的遭遇和感慨，五、六两句转为写景——秋天，古堡上的旌旗在秋风中飘拂，笼罩着阴郁惨淡的气氛；夜深了，城头上巡更的刁斗声清晰可闻。这显然是一个战士的眼中之景，心中之情。“鬓虽残，心未死”（《夜游宫·记梦寄师伯浑》），古戍旌旗，高城刁斗，无不唤起他对南郑军中戎马生涯的怀念和向往。这一联虽是写景，却是诗中承上启下的枢纽，所以接着便说“壮心未许全消尽，醉听檀槽出塞声”。檀槽，用檀木做的琵琶、琴等弦乐器上架弦的格子，诗中常用以代指乐器。《出塞》，汉乐府《横吹曲》名，本是西域军乐，声调雄壮，内容多写边塞将士军中生活。诗人壮心虽在，欲试无由，惟有寄托于歌酒之中。尾联两句再经这么一层转折，就更深刻地反映了他那无可奈何的处境及其愤激不平的心情，也刻画出诗人坚贞倔强的性格。
全诗跌宕淋漓，有余不尽之意，体现诗人七律造诣之深。
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陆游简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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