孤山寺端上人房写望
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宋代]:林逋
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底处凭阑思眇然,孤山塔后阁西偏。
阴沉画轴林间寺,零落棋枰葑上田。
秋景有时飞独鸟,夕阳无事起寒烟。
迟留更爱吾庐近,只待重来看雪天。
孤山寺端上人房写望译文及注释
译文
黄昏时分,凭栏何处,思绪才如此飘渺无际?就在那孤山塔后小阁西边幽僻的僧房。
纵目远眺,映入眼帘的森森树林,阴阴寺院,暗淡得像一帧退了色的古画;而葑田块块,在水面上零星飘荡,又仿佛是棋盘上割下来的方格子。
秋色苍然,万物萧索,惟有归鸟偶尔掠过;夕阳西沉,安谧、朦胧,但见寒烟缕缕升起。
更爱它与我的庐舍邻近。等那雪花纷飞之时,我要重来,观赏那银装素裹的景致。
注释
孤山:指浙江杭州西湖的孤山,时诗人隐居在此。端上人:名端的和尚。上人:佛教称具备德智善行的人。用作和尚的尊称。写望:写望见之景。
底处:何处。阑:同“栏”,栏杆。眇(miǎo):通“渺”,远貌。此处指思绪悠长。
偏:侧。
“阴沉”句:意谓色泽黯淡的林间寺庙像一幅画。阴沉:色泽黯淡。
“零落”句:意谓零星飘在水面上的一块块架田就像棋盘上的方格子。枰(píng):棋盘。此处以棋盘方格喻架田。葑(fèng)上田:葑,菰根,即茭白根。葑上田,又称架田,在沼泽中以木作架,铺上泥土及水生植物而浮于水上的农田。
庐:房舍。
参考资料:
1、王延梯 章秋.中国历代诗歌精读:宋诗卷:济南出版社,1999年:13-14页
2、陶文鹏.宋诗精华:广西师范大学出版社,1996年:41页
孤山寺端上人房写望创作背景
诗人林逋隐居杭州时,结庐西湖之孤山。孤山之上有孤山寺,这是他常常喜欢登览的胜地。此诗是诗人在一个秋日的傍晚,在孤山寺端上人房饱览风景时有感而作。
参考资料:
1、沈伟麟.江山留胜迹:山水篇:上海辞书出版社,1996年:108页
孤山寺端上人房写望鉴赏
林逋隐居杭州时,在西湖孤山结庐。孤山之有孤山寺,这是他常常喜欢登览的胜地。该写一个秋日的傍晚,诗人在孤山寺端上人房内饱览山上风景。诗以素淡的笔触,描绘出幽邃的景色,造成一神幽寂的意境。而这种境界,正是林逋这位幽人(隐士)所眷恋的。
首联破题领起:诗人凭栏远望的地点在孤山寺端上人房;至于房的方位,孤山塔后有一座阁,房间就在此座寺阁的西边。诗人凭阑纵目时,思绪飞得很远、很远。他并没有明说幽思因何而起,而是将笔荡开,于颔、颈二联画了四幅风景画。
画面在“望”中一幅幅依次展开。先是一幅“方外寺”:阴森森的树林里,隐隐约约地闪现出几所寺院。诗人身处佛地,所以第一眼看到的便是佛寺。暮色苍茫,远远望去,这个景色暗淡得就像一帧退了颜色的约画。寺在“画轴”之中,想象奇妙。眼中是画,诗笔下也是画。画境寂静幽深,正见方外本色。再是一幅“葑上田”。诗人转移了一下视角,但见水面上零零星星地飘荡着一块块的架田,犹如那棋盘上割下来的方格子。枰,棋盘。以棋盘方格譬架田,比喻贴切。其时夕阳西下,夜幕将临,农失们都已荷锄归家了,因此画面上空无一人,分外宁静。
接下是一幅“空中鸟”:诗人举头瞻望天宇,只见寥廓秋空之中,偶尔飞过一只伶仃的小鸟。诗人赶紧将这“独鸟”捕捉进画中,又涂上几抹秋云作为背景。
最后展开的是一幅在“墟里烟”:夕照之中,什么都没有,唯有袅袅寒烟(秋已深,炊烟在秋空之中,也带有深秋的寒色了)萦绕半空,这表明,附近村落的人家已在点火做晚饭了。这幅诗人略略低首绘下的画,意境空寂,色彩也淡得不能再淡了。
寺、田、鸟、烟四轴风景图,展现的正是高僧端上人日日置身其间的那个幽深清寂的环境。此种环境,与这位幽人断绝尘想、潇洒物外的恬静心境、闭逸情致正相吻合。因此,他从中领略到了莫大的兴味,渺然幽思便由此而起,令他久久留连,迟迟不愿归去。
末联便直抒这种倾慕心情,诗人道:我迟迟逗留着,不舍得归去。今日之游,我愈加喜爱这块胜地了,因为,它与我的庐舍相近。近,我得以迟归,又得以常来。现在,快要掌灯吃晚饭了,我也该同去了。不过,等那雪花纷扬时,我要重来此地,观赏那银装素裹的世界。
这首七律以工于写景驰名,不仅“诗中有画”,而且手法高妙。颈联在词序的排列上作了精密的调动,画面就在宁谧中浮动着一股生动的灵气。而颔联,则因其奇妙的想象与贴切的比喻,更受后世诗人们的激赏,仿效之句也最多。如滕岑有“何人为展古画幅,尘暗缣绡浓淡间”(《游西湖》),程孟阳有“古寺工如昏壁画”(《闻等慈师在拂水有寄》),黄庭坚有“田似围棋据一枰”(《题安福李令朝华亭》)、“稻田棋局方”(《次韵知命入青原山石》),文同有“秋田沟垅如棋局”(《闲居院上方晚景》),杨万里有“天置楸枰作稻畦”(《晚望》),杨慎有“平田如棋局”(《出郊》),等等,因此王渔洋品评此联“写景最工”(《池北偶谈》),是有道理的。
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周邦彦《
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林逋简介
唐代·林逋的简介
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林逋(967一1028)字君复,汉族,浙江大里黄贤村人(一说杭州钱塘)。幼时刻苦好学,通晓经史百家。书载性孤高自好,喜恬淡,勿趋荣利。长大后,曾漫游江淮间,后隐居杭州西湖,结庐孤山。常驾小舟遍游西湖诸寺庙,与高僧诗友相往还。每逢客至,叫门童子纵鹤放飞,林逋见鹤必棹舟归来。作诗随就随弃,从不留存。1028年(天圣六年)卒。其侄林彰(朝散大夫)、林彬(盈州令)同至杭州,治丧尽礼。宋仁宗赐谥“和靖先生”。
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释慧开
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机轮才转,作者犹迷。顶
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送李志宁归省
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明代:
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程通
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孝子别成均,南归楚水滨。檐头缃帙旧,庭下綵衣新。
去路江梅馥,来时禁柳青。都门频送客,我亦倍思亲。