自宣城赴官上京
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唐代]：杜牧
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潇洒江湖十过秋，酒杯无日不迟留。
谢公城畔溪惊梦，苏小门前柳拂头。
千里云山何处好，几人襟韵一生休。
尘冠挂却知闲事，终拟蹉跎访旧游。
自宣城赴官上京译文及注释
译文
潇洒不羁飘荡江湖十多个春秋，没有一天不在酒杯前徘徊逗留。
谢公城边被溪水声响惊醒酣梦，苏小门前的柳枝常常拂过我头。
天下的山川景物到底哪里最好，几人怀抱这般情韵一生就罢休？
尘世中人挂冠归去原是平常事，终于将蹉跎了的光阴来寻访旧游。
注释
潇洒：形容人的超逸脱俗。十过秋：十多年。杜牧自文宗大和二年（828）十月佐沈传师江西幕，转宣城，又转淮南牛僧孺幕；一度升为监察御史，不久移疾分司东都，后又到宣州崔郸幕，至内升左补阙的开成三年（838）冬，首尾共十一年。
迟留：即滞留，有流连、耽搁之意。
谢公城：指宣城。因南齐谢脁曾作宣城太守，留有谢公楼、谢公亭等多处古迹，故称。
苏小：南齐时钱塘名妓苏小小。
云山：泛指山川秀色。
襟韵：指人的情怀风度。
尘冠挂却：辞官不做。闲事：等闲之事，平常的事。
蹉跎：光阴白白地过去。
参考资料：
1、章培恒，安平秋，马樟根．杜牧诗文选译 修订版：凤凰出版社，2011年：51-52页
2、王克俭．杜牧诗文选：海南国际新闻出版中心，1997年：57页
自宣城赴官上京创作背景
此诗是开成四年（839）所作，时杜牧三十七岁。杜牧于开成三年在宣州幕中，是年冬，内升左补阙、史馆修撰，次年（即开成四年）春初，赴京供职，离宣州时作此诗。
参考资料：
1、缪钺选．杜牧诗选：河北教育出版社，1999年：29页
自宣城赴官上京鉴赏
这是一首述怀诗，展示了诗人矛盾的内心世界，笔墨洒脱而感慨深沉。
诗人自大和二年（828）十月来到江西，后转宣城。以后，辗转漂泊于扬州、洛阳、宣城各地。首尾共历经十一年。此诗首联即以“潇洒江湖十过秋，酒杯无日不迟留”概括了这一段生活。”潇洒江湖”，无拘无束，风韵飘逸；终日为醉乡之客，则于放浪形骸中见愁闷之情。行止风流，内心愁苦，正是诗人的真实写照。
颔联承首联之意，再次点染。“谢公城畔溪惊梦”，接“酒杯”句。每日无事，携酒行游于宣城郊野，观山望水，自得其乐；自斟自饮，不觉醉倒溪边。此句中“惊梦”一词很妙，写出了诗人大醉初醒，不知身在何处的情态。而梦中之惊，耐人寻味：或许，他在醉梦中与亲故旧友重逢，一觉醒来却独枕溪流。或许，在梦境中他仗剑行侠，英雄豪迈，醒来却发现自身依旧是落魄江湖的一介书生。溪畔惊梦，情境皆佳。“苏小门前柳拂头”，写诗人“潇洒江湖”的另一面。妓馆歌楼多涉秾艳轻绮之笔，而诗人仅仅用“门前柳拂头”暗示出流连花柳之意，处理得很含蓄，不伤全诗清朗之调。
颈联转为感慨生平，反映出诗人虽然过着诗酒风流的生活，但并不甘心终老于此。“千里云山何处好”表面上是寻访山川之胜，其实正是这声对苍茫云山发出的喝问，生动形象地表现了诗人咤叱风云、指点江山的襟怀抱负。紧接着，诗人又转过来对着茫茫人世发问：“几人襟韵一生休？”世上有几人能有如此襟韵，难道我的一生就这样罢了不成，把诗人不得不浪迹江湖的愤慨、不甘于虚度此生的愿望倾吐一尽。这两问，问得豪迈，问得沉痛，问得有气魄，如高天惊雷，滚滚而下，一扫方才悠然低回之韵。
尾联收合全诗，点明“赴官上京”之意。面对现实中平庸无聊的官吏生活，诗人萌出“尘冠挂却”的念头。他把辞宫归去说得很平常，“闲事”而已；事实上，这件“闲事”也难以做到，“终把蹉跎访旧游”，诗人不得不赴京上任，再次把光阴虚掷——回虚前联。此联言辞之间，流露出归隐与人世的内心矛盾。
这首诗起、承、转、合，层次分明，把这位落魄诗人的胸襟间事渐次说尽。其中既有风流倜傥之韵，又有豪宕雄浑之气。
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王沂孙《
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法曲献仙音·聚景亭梅次草窗韵》
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赵善庆《
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普天乐·秋江忆别》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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