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《瀑布联句》鉴赏_李忱作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 怎祝网
首页 > 诗文 > 瀑布联句 > 鉴赏

《瀑布联句》鉴赏

原文

千岩万壑不辞劳,远看方知出处高。——黄檗

溪涧岂能留得住,终归大海作波涛。——李忱

赏析

  此诗的作者是一位皇帝和一位僧侣。据《庚溪诗话》,“唐宣宗微时,以武宗忌之,遁迹为僧。一日游方,遇黄檗禅师(按:据《佛祖统纪》应为香严闲禅师。因宣宗上庐山时黄檗在海昌,不可能联句)同行,因观瀑布。黄檗曰:‘我咏此得一联,而下韵不接。’宣宗曰:‘当为续成之。’(以下联句从略)其后宣宗竟践位,志先见于此诗矣。”可见,禅师作前两句,有暗射宣宗当时处境用意;宣宗续后两句,则寄寓不甘落寞、思有作为的情怀。这样一首托物言志的诗,描绘了冲决一切、气势磅礴的瀑布的艺术形象,富有激情,读来使人激奋,受到鼓舞,故也竟能为农民革命领袖冯云山所喜爱。艺术形象往往大于作者思想,这也是一个显例。

  此诗的首句是瀑布的溯源。在深山之中,有无数不为人知的涓涓细流,腾石注涧,逐渐汇集为巨大山泉,在经历“千岩万壑”的艰险后,它终于到达崖前,“一落千丈”,形成壮观的瀑布。此句抓住瀑布形成的曲折过程,赋予无生命之物以活生生的性格。“不辞劳”三字有强烈拟人化色彩,充溢着赞美之情,可与《孟子》中一段名言共读:“天将降大任于斯人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,增益其所不能。”艰难能锤炼伟大的人格。此句似乎隐含这样的哲理。

  近看巨大的瀑布,砯崖转石,跳珠倒溅,令人有“飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天”之感,却又不能窥见其“出处”。惟有从远处望去,“遥看瀑布挂前川”时,才知道它来自云烟缭绕的峰顶。第二句着重表现瀑布气象的高远,寓有人的凌云壮志,又含有慧眼识英雄的意味。“出处高”则取势远,暗逗后文“终归大海”之意。

  写瀑布经历不凡和气象高远,刻画出其性格最突出的特征,同时酝足豪情,为后两句充分蓄势。第三句忽然说到“溪涧”,照应第一句的“千岩万壑”,在诗情上是小小的回旋。当山泉在岩壑中奔流,会有重重阻挠,似乎劝它留步,“何必奔冲下山去,更添波浪向人间”(白居易《白云泉》)。然而小小溪涧式的安乐并不能使它满足,它心向大海,不断开辟前程。惟其如此,它才能化为崖前瀑布,而且最终要东归大海。由于第三句的回旋,末句更有冲决的力量。“岂能”与“终归”前后呼应,表现出一往无前的信心和决心。“作波涛”三字语极形象,令人如睹恣肆浩瀚、白浪如山的海涛景象。从“留”、“归”等字可以体味结尾两句仍是人格化的,使人联想到弃燕雀之小志、慕鸿鹄以高翔的豪情壮怀。瀑布的性格至此得到完成。

李忱简介

唐代·李忱的简介


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李忱


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唐宣宗李忱(810年冬月十二-859年),汉族,唐朝第十八位皇帝(847年—859年在位,未算武周政权),初名李怡,初封光王。武宗死后,以皇太叔为宦官马元贽等所立。在位13年。综观宣宗50年的人生,他曾经为祖宗基业做过不懈的努力,这无疑延缓了唐帝国走向衰败的大势,但是他又无法彻底扭转这一趋势。宣宗性明察沉断,用法无私,从谏如流,重惜官赏,恭谨节俭,惠爱民物,故大中之政,讫于唐亡,人思咏之,谓之小太宗。

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