《赠长沙公》翻译及注释
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魏晋：陶渊明
余于长沙公为族，祖同出大司马。昭穆既远，以为路人。经过浔阳，临别赠此。
译文：与长沙公是同一宗族，祖先都是大司马陶侃的后裔；由于世次相隔已远，彼此也互不相识；这次路过温阳而得相会，临别之际，以此诗相赠。
注释：长沙公：指陶延寿。于：犹“与”；族：宗族，家族。祖：陶延寿是陶侃的玄孙，陶渊明是陶侃的曾孙（非嫡系），这里的“祖”兼指对方的曾祖父辈与自己的祖父辈。大司马：东晋名臣陶侃，曾任太尉，封长沙郡公，后拜大将军，死后追赠大司马。昭穆：指同宗世系；古代贵族宗庙制度，二世、四世、六世居于左，叫作昭；三世、五世、七世居于右，叫作穆；既远：指世次相隔已远。路人：过路之人，指关系疏远，彼此陌生。浔阳：地名，在今江西九江市，这里是陶渊明的家乡。
同源分流，人易世疏，慨然寤叹，念兹厥初；
译文：同一源头分支流，世系渐远人相疏；感悟此理深慨叹，因念彼此同初祖；
注释：同源分流：同一水源分出的支流，比喻同一宗族的不同后代。人易：人事变更；世疏：世系疏远。寤：通“悟”，觉悟，醒悟。厥：其；厥初：当初的始祖。
礼服遂悠，岁月眇徂，感彼行路，眷然踌躇；
译文：血缘宗亲渐疏远，岁月悠悠不停仁；感叹族亲成陌路，犹豫徘徊心恋慕。
注释：礼服：服丧的礼服，这里指宗族关系；古人因血缘亲疏关系不同，丧礼之服也有别，有斩衰、齐衰、大功、小功、绸麻等五种；悠：远，指关系的疏远。眇：同“渺”；眇祖：指年代久远。行路：行路之人。眷然：恋慕的样子。踌躇：犹豫不决，徘徊不前。
于穆令族，允构斯堂，谐气冬暄，映怀圭璋；
译文：君为同族美名扬，弘扬父志功辉煌；温文尔雅谦和态，美德生辉映圭璋；
注释：于穆：赞叹之辞。毛传：“於，叹辞也；穆，美。”令：美，善。允构斯堂：指儿子能够继承父业；允：诚信，确能；堂：正室，喻父业。谐气：和谐的气度。冬暄：像冬天的阳光般和暖。暄：暖和。映：辉映。怀：胸怀。圭璋：宝贵的玉器。这句是说长沙公的胸怀与可与美玉相映生辉。这两句赞美长沙公气度温和，品德高尚。
爰采春华，载警秋霜，我曰钦哉，实宗之光；
译文：风华正茂光灿灿，立身谨慎防秋霜；可钦可佩令我赞，君为我族增荣光。
注释：爰：语助词；采：光彩；华：同“花”；爰采春华：光彩如同春花；这里是形容长沙公风华正茂，功绩卓著。《宋书·高帝纪》载：“义熙五年（409年），慕容超率铁骑来战，命咨议参军陶延寿击之。”可知陶延寿于义熙间颇立功业。载：通“再”，又；警：惕；载警秋霜：惕于秋霜之微；是说长沙公立身处事机敏练达而小心谨慎。钦：敬。实宗之光：实在是宗族的荣光。
伊余云遘，在长忘同，笑言未久，逝焉西东；
译文：彼此偶然一相逢，我愧辈长忘同宗；笑语欢言尚未久，君将离去各西东；
注释：伊、云：语助词；遘：遇。长：长辈；指作者为长沙公的长辈，同：指同宗。逝：往，去；这里指分别。
遥遥三湘，滔滔九江，山川阻远，行李时通；
译文：三湘遥遥君归处，九江滔滔我意浓；远隔山川路途阻，频将音讯互为通。
注释：三湘：泛指湖南，这里指长沙公将返封地长沙。九江：指作者所在地。行李：使者；行李时通：经常互通音讯。
何以写心，贻此话言，进篑虽微，终焉为山；
译文：如何表达我心意，且送几句肺腑言；积土可以成高山，进德修业是圣贤；
注释：写：抒发，倾泄。贻：赠送。篑：盛土的竹器。为山：指建立功业；这两句的意思是说，加一筐土虽然很少，但积少成多，最终亦能成山；这里是勉励长沙公不断进德修业，最终可以建成伟大的功业。
敬哉离人，临路凄然，款襟或辽，音问其先。
译文：愿君此去多保重，相送登程意凄然；路途遥远难再晤，愿得音讯早早传。
注释：敬：有“慎”的意思；离人：离别之人，指长沙公。临路：上路，登程。款：诚，恳切；款襟：畅叙胸怀；辽：远。音问其先：是说可以常通音讯。
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陶渊明《
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咏贫士》
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刘旦《
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歌》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。