《橡媪叹》翻译及注释
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唐代：皮日休
秋深橡子熟，散落榛芜冈。
译文：秋意深沉，橡树结的果子早已熟透，一颗一颗散落在荒芜的山冈上。
注释：橡子：橡树（又名栎树）的果实，苦涩难食。榛芜冈：草木丛杂的山冈。
伛偻黄发媪，拾之践晨霜。
译文：一个驼背的，花白头发的老婆婆，一大清早就踩着冷冷的秋霜，在山坡上捡橡子。
注释：伛偻：驼背弯腰的样子。黄发：指年老。
移时始盈掬，尽日方满筐。
译文：老人家行动不便，手脚很不利索，整整一天，不过捡了一小筐。
注释：盈掬：满一捧。掬：一捧。尽日：一整天。
几曝复几蒸，用作三冬粮。
译文：我问她：“老妈妈，你捡这些橡子做什么用？”她回答：“回去晒干，再蒸一蒸，用来做过冬的粮食。”
注释：曝：晒。三冬：冬季的三个月。
山前有熟稻，紫穗袭人香。
译文：老人一家在山前本来有几亩稻田，今年收成不错，沉甸甸的稻穗香气袭人！
注释：袭人香：指稻香扑鼻。
细获又精舂，粒粒如玉珰。
注释：细获：仔细地收割、拣选。精舂：精心地用杵臼捣去谷粒的皮壳。玉璫：玉制的耳坠。这里用以比米粒的晶莹洁白。
持之纳于官，私室无仓箱。
译文：小心的收割、舂米，官家来收秋粮时，全部拿出来，一点也没有私留。
注释：持之：拿它。之，指米。纳于官：交纳给官府。私室：指农民自己家里。无仓箱：犹言颗粒不存。仓箱：装米的器具。
如何一石余，只作五斗量！
译文：可是，为什么明明一石多的大米，官家的称量出来竟然只有五斗！
注释：石：容量单位，十斗为一石。
狡吏不畏刑，贪官不避赃。
译文：这些贪官污吏狡黠无耻，罪大恶极！
注释：不避赃：犹言公然贪赃。
农时作私债，农毕归官仓。
译文：他们拿官粮来放私债，等连本带利收回，又放到官家的粮仓里面。
注释：农时：春耕播种时节。作私债：指贪官狡吏把官仓的粮食放私债进行盘剥。
自冬及于春，橡实诳饥肠。
译文：一年又一年，他们就做着这样的无本生意！可怜老婆婆这样的人家还有多少？从冬天到来年，只有用难以下咽、毫无营养的橡子来欺骗自己的肚子。
注释：诳饥肠：哄哄饥肠辘辘的肚子。诳：哄骗。
吾闻田成子，诈仁犹自王。
译文：我听说春秋时齐国有个虚伪的贵族，叫田成，他假装仁义，道貌岸然，最后还是当上了齐国的国王。
注释：诈仁：假仁。
吁嗟逢橡媪，不觉泪沾裳。
译文：可是现在，有些人连这样的假仁假义也不愿意做了！看着老婆婆远去的消瘦的背影，不知不觉，眼泪流下来。
注释：吁嗟：感叹声。
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晏几道《
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生查子·轻匀两脸花》
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纳兰性德《
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采桑子·彤霞久绝飞琼字》
皮日休简介
唐代·皮日休的简介
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皮日休，字袭美，一字逸少，生于公元834至839年间，卒于公元902年以后。曾居住在鹿门山，自号鹿门子，又号间气布衣、醉吟先生。晚唐文学家、散文家，与陆龟蒙齐名，世称"皮陆"。今湖北天门人（《北梦琐言》），汉族。咸通八年（867）进士及第，在唐时历任苏州军事判官（《吴越备史》）、著作佐郎、太常博士、毗陵副使。后参加黄巢起义，或言“陷巢贼中”（《唐才子传》），任翰林学士，起义失败后不知所踪。诗文兼有奇朴二态，且多为同情民间疾苦之作。《新唐书·艺文志》录有《皮日休集》、《皮子》、《皮氏鹿门家钞》多部。