《癸卯岁十二月中作与从弟敬远》翻译及注释
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魏晋:陶渊明
寝迹衡门下,邈与世相绝。
译文:隐居茅舍掩行迹,远与尘世相隔绝。
注释:寝迹:埋没行踪,指隐居。衡门:横木为门,指简陋的居室。邈:远。世:指世俗,官场。绝:断绝往来。
顾盼莫谁知,荆扉昼常闭。
译文:无人知晓来眷顾,白天柴门常关闭。
注释:顾盼:犹言看顾、眷顾。莫:没有人。荆扉:用荆条编成的柴门。
凄凄岁暮风,翳翳经日雪。
译文:年终寒风正凄冷,天空阴暗整日雪。
注释:翳翳:阴暗的样子。经日雪:下了一整天的雪。
倾耳无希声,在目皓已洁。
译文:侧耳倾听无声响,放眼户外已皎洁。
注释:倾耳:侧耳细听的样子。无希声:没有一点声音。希:少。皓已洁:已皓洁。副词“已”插入两个形容词之间,是一种修辞方式。皓:白,明。
劲气侵襟袖,箪瓢谢屡设。
译文:劲峭寒气侵襟袖,粗茶淡饭常空设。
注释:劲气:猛烈的寒气。箪瓢:即箪食瓢饮。箪:竹编的盛饭容器。瓢:剖开葫芦做成的舀水器。回:指孔子学生颜回。谢:辞绝。屡:经常。设:陈设。
萧索空宇中,了无一可悦!
译文:房中空荡显凄凉,竟无一事可欢悦。
注释:萧索:萧条,冷落。空宇:空荡荡的房屋。形容一无所有。了无:一点也没有。可悦:可以使人高兴的事情。
历览千载书,时时见遗烈。
译文:千年古书皆阅览,时时读见古义烈。
注释:遗烈:指古代正直、刚毅、有高尚节操的贤士。
高操非所攀,谬得固穷节。
译文:高尚德操不敢攀,只想守穷为气节。
注释:谬:误,谦辞。固穷节:固守穷困的气节。
平津苟不由,栖迟讵为拙!
译文:坦途大道若不走,隐居躬耕岂算拙?
注释:平津:平坦的大道,喻仕途。津:本义为渡口,这里指道路。苟:如果。由:沿看,遵循。栖迟:游息,指隐居。讵:岂。
寄意一言外,兹契谁能别?
译文:我寄深意在言外,志趣相合谁识别!
注释:一言外:一言之外。一言:指上面四句话。外:意思是除四句话外还有很多的未尽之意。契:契合,指志同道合。别:识别。
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张养浩《
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一枝花·咏喜雨》
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孟郊《
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洛桥晚望》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明(约365年—427年),字元亮,(又一说名潜,字渊明)号五柳先生,私谥“靖节”,东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族,东晋浔阳柴桑人(今江西九江)。曾做过几年小官,后辞官回家,从此隐居,田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材,相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。