《山坡羊·潼关怀古》翻译及注释
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元代：张养浩
峰峦如聚，波涛如怒，山河表里潼关路。望西都，意踌躇。
译文：（华山的）山峰从四面八方会聚，（黄河的）波涛像发怒似的汹涌。潼关外有黄河，内有华山，山河雄伟，地势险要。遥望古都长安，陷于思索之中。
注释：峰峦如聚：形容群峰攒集，层峦叠嶂。聚：聚拢；包围波涛如怒：形容黄河波涛的汹涌澎湃。怒：指波涛汹涌。表里：即内外。潼关：古关口名，在今陕西省潼关县，关城建在华山山腰，下临黄河，扼秦、晋、豫三省要冲，非常险要，为古代入陕门户，是历代的军事重地。西都：指长安（今陕西西安）。这是泛指秦汉以来在长安附近所建的都城。秦、西汉建都长安，东汉建都洛阳，因此称洛阳为东都，长安为西都。踌躇：犹豫、徘徊不定，心事重重，此处形容思潮起伏，感慨万端陷入沉思，表示心里不平静。一作“踟蹰（chíchú）”。
伤心秦汉经行处，宫阙万间都做了土。兴，百姓苦；亡，百姓苦！
译文：从秦汉宫遗址经过，引发无限伤感，万间宫殿早已化作了尘土。一朝兴盛，百姓受苦；一朝灭亡，百姓依旧受苦。
注释：“伤心”二句：谓目睹秦汉遗迹，旧日宫殿尽成废墟，内心伤感。伤心：令人伤心的事，形容词作动词。秦汉经行处：秦朝（前221年~前206年）都城咸阳和西汉（前208~8）的都城长安都在陕西省境内潼关的西面。经行处，经过的地方。指秦汉故都遗址。宫阙：宫，宫殿；阙，皇宫门前面两边的楼观。兴：指政权的统治稳固。兴、亡：指朝代的盛衰更替。
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陶弘景《
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答谢中书书》
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李白《
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春夜洛城闻笛》
张养浩简介
唐代·张养浩的简介
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张养浩（1269—1329年），汉族，字希孟，号云庄，山东济南人，元代著名散曲家。诗、文兼擅，而以散曲著称。代表作有《山坡羊·潼关怀古》等。