《小石潭记》翻译及注释
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唐代：柳宗元
从小丘西行百二十步，隔篁竹，闻水声，如鸣珮环，心乐之。伐竹取道，下见小潭，水尤清冽。全石以为底，近岸，卷石底以出，为坻，为屿，为嵁，为岩。青树翠蔓，蒙络摇缀，参差披拂。(珮通：佩)
译文： 从小丘向西走一百二十多步，隔着竹林，可以听到流水的声音，好像人身上佩带的玉佩、玉环相互碰击发出的声音，心里十分高兴。砍伐竹子，开辟道路，向下看见一个小潭，水格外清澈。小潭以整块石头为底，靠近岸边的地方，石底有些部分翻卷出来，露出水面，成为水中的高地，像是水中的小岛，也有高低不平的石头和小岩石（露了出来）。青葱的树木，翠绿的藤蔓，覆盖缠绕，摇动连结，参差不齐，随风飘拂。
注释： 从：自，由。小丘：小山丘（在小石潭东边）。西：向西，名词作状语。行：走。篁竹：成林的竹子。如鸣佩环：好像人身上佩戴的佩环相碰击发出的声音。鸣，使……发出声音。佩与环都是玉质装饰物。乐：以……为乐，对……感到快乐（意动用法）。伐：砍伐。取：这里指开辟。下见小潭：向下看就看见一个小潭。见，看见。下，向下。水尤清冽：水格外（特别）清澈。尤，格外，特别。冽，凉。清冽，清凉。全石以为底：即以全石为底（潭）把整块石头当作底部。以，把。为，当作。近岸，卷石底以出：靠近岸的地方，石底有些部分翻卷过来露出水面。近，靠近。岸，岸边。卷，弯曲。以，相当于“而”，表修饰，不译。为坻，为屿，为嵁，为岩：成为坻、屿、嵁、岩各种不同的形状。坻，水中高地。屿，小岛。嵁，不平的岩石。岩，悬崖。翠蔓：翠绿的藤蔓。蒙络摇缀，参差披拂：覆盖缠绕，摇动下垂，参差不齐，随风飘动。
潭中鱼可百许头，皆若空游无所依。日光下澈，影布石上，佁然不动；俶尔远逝，往来翕忽。似与游者相乐。(下澈一作：下彻)
译文： 潭中的鱼大约有百多条，都好像在空中游动，什么依靠也没有。阳光直照到水底，鱼的影子映在水底的石上。鱼儿呆呆地一动不动，忽然向远处游去，来来往往，轻快敏捷，好像在和游玩的人逗玩。
注释： 可百许头：大约有一百来条。文中指小潭里的鱼大约有一百来条。可，大约。许，用在数词后表示约数，相当于同样用法的“来”。皆若空游无所依：都好像在空中游动，什么依托也没有。空：在空中，名词作状语。皆：全，都。日光下澈，影布石上：阳光向下直照到水底，鱼的影子好像映在水底的石头上。下，向下照射。布：照映，分布。澈，穿透，一作“彻”。佁然不动：（鱼影）呆呆地一动不动。佁然，呆呆的样子。俶尔远逝：忽然间向远处游去了。俶尔，忽然。往来翕忽：来来往往，轻快敏捷。翕忽：轻快敏捷的样子。翕：迅疾。
潭西南而望，斗折蛇行，明灭可见。其岸势犬牙差互，不可知其源。
译文： 向小石潭的西南方望去，溪岸像北斗七星一样曲折，像蛇爬行一样弯曲，望过去一段看得见，一段看不见。溪岸的形状像狗的牙齿那样参差不齐，不能知道溪水的源头在哪里。
注释： 斗折蛇行，明灭可见：（溪水）曲曲折折，（望过去）一段看得见，一段又看不见。斗折，像北斗七星那样曲折。蛇行，像蛇爬行那样弯曲。明灭可见，若隐若现。灭，暗，看不见。犬牙差互：像狗的牙齿那样互相交错。犬牙，像狗的牙齿一样。差互，互相交错。
坐潭上，四面竹树环合，寂寥无人，凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃。以其境过清，不可久居，乃记之而去。
译文： 我坐在潭边，四下里竹林和树木包围着，寂静没有旁人。使人感到心神凄凉，寒气透骨，幽静深远，弥漫着忧伤的气息。因为那种环境太过凄清，不能长时间停留，于是记录下了此地就离开。
注释： 凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃：使人感到心神凄凉，寒气透骨，幽静深远，弥漫着忧伤的气息。凄、寒，使动用法，使……感到凄凉，使……感到寒冷。悄怆，忧伤的样子。邃：深。以其境过清：因为那种环境太过凄清。以，因为。其，那。清，凄清。不可久居，乃记之而去：不能长时间停留，于是记下小石潭的情况就离开了。居，待、停留。乃，于是……就。之，代游小石潭这件事。去，离开。
同游者：吴武陵，龚古，余弟宗玄。隶而从者，崔氏二小生：曰恕己，曰奉壹。
译文： 一同去游览的人有吴武陵、龚古、我的弟弟宗玄。我带着一同去的，有姓崔的两个年轻人。一个名叫恕己，一个名叫奉壹。
注释： 吴武陵：作者的朋友，也被贬在永州。龚古：作者的朋友。宗玄：作者的堂弟。隶而从者，崔氏二小生：跟着我一同去的，有姓崔的两个年轻人。隶而从，跟着同去的。隶，作为随从，动词。崔氏，指柳宗元姐夫崔简。小生，年轻人。
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周敦颐《
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爱莲说》
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苏轼《
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记承天寺夜游》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。