《左忠毅公逸事》翻译及注释
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清代：方苞
先君子尝言，乡先辈左忠毅公视学京畿，一日，风雪严寒，从数骑出微行，入古寺，庑下一生伏案卧，文方成草；公阅毕，即解貂覆生，为掩户。叩之寺僧，则史公可法也。及试，吏呼名至史公，公瞿然注视，呈卷，即面署第一。召入，使拜夫人，曰：“吾诸儿碌碌，他日继吾志者，惟此生耳。”及左公下厂狱，史朝夕狱门外；逆阉防伺甚严，虽家仆不得近。久之，闻左公被炮烙，旦夕且死；持五十金，涕泣谋于禁卒，卒感焉。一日，使史更敝衣草屦，背筐，手长镵，为除不洁者，引入，微指左公处。则席地倚墙而坐，面额焦烂不可辨，左膝以下，筋骨尽脱矣。史前跪，抱公膝而呜咽。公辨其声而目不可开，乃奋臂以指拨眦；目光如炬，怒日：“庸奴，此何地也？而汝来前！国家之事，糜烂至此。老夫已矣，汝复轻身而昧大义，天下事谁可支拄者！不速去，无俟奸人构陷，吾今即扑杀汝！”因摸地上刑械，作投击势。史噤不敢发声，趋而出。后常流涕述其事以语人，曰：“吾师肺肝，皆铁石所铸造也！”
译文： 先父曾经说过：同乡前辈左忠毅公任京城地区学政时，有一天，刮风下雪，天气特别冷，他带着几个骑马的随从，改装出行，走进一座古寺。厢房里有个书生伏在桌上睡着了，（桌上的一篇）文章刚写好草稿。左公看完了，就脱下貂皮外衣给他盖上，并替他关上门。左公向寺里的和尚询问，却原来是史可法。等到考试时，差役喊到史可法的名字，左公惊喜地注视着他，等到他呈上考卷，左公就当面批为第一名，还召他进入内室，让他拜见夫人，说：“我的几个儿子平庸无能，将来能继承我的志向和事业的，只有这个学生啊。”到左公被关进东厂监狱时，史可法整天守候在狱门外。逆阉魏忠贤对监狱防备监视很严，即使左家的仆人也不能近边。过了很久，史可法听说左公遭了炮烙酷刑，早晚将要死去，便拿了五十两银子，哭泣着跟狱卒商量探监的办法，狱卒被他感动了。有一天，狱卒让史可法换上破旧衣服和草鞋，背了个竹筐，手拿着长鑱，装作打扫垃圾的人，把他领进监狱。（狱卒）悄悄地指着左公所在的地方。只见左公坐在地上，身子靠着墙，脸庞、额头都烧得焦烂，辨认不出（原来的面貌），从左膝盖以下，筋骨全都脱落了。史可法上前跪下，抱着左公的膝盖低声哭泣。左公辨出史可法的声音，可是眼睛睁不开，就使劲地抬起手臂，用指头拨开眼皮，目光像火炬一样明亮，生气地说：“没用的奴才！这是什么地方，你却到这里来！国事败坏到这个地步，我老头子已经完了，你又轻身而不明大义，国家大事谁能支撑呢？还不快走，不要等奸贼们构成罪名来陷害你，我现在就打死你！”说着就摸起地上的刑具作出投击的样子。史可法闭口不敢出声，快步走了出来。后来他常常流着眼泪对别人讲述这件事，说：“我老师的肺肝，都是铁石铸造的啊！”
注释： 先君子：作者对其已过世的父亲方仲舒的称呼。京畿：国都及其附近的地方。从数骑：几个骑马的随从跟着。微行：穿着平民衣服出行。庑：廊下小屋。生：指书生。解貂：脱下貂皮裘。史可法：字宪之，祥符（今河南省开封市）人。崇祯迸士，南明时任兵部尚书大学士，清军入关时镇守扬州，公元1645年4月25日城破，殉难。瞿然：惊视的样子。面署第一：当面批为第一名。厂狱：明代特务机关东厂所设的监狱。逆阉：叛逆的太监，这里指魏忠贤。防伺：防范看守。炮烙：用烧红的铁来炙烧犯人的一种酷刑。长镬：一种长柄的掘土工具。眥：眼眶。昧：不明事理。构陷：诽谤陷害。
崇祯末，流贼张献忠出没蕲、黄、潜、桐间。史公以凤庐道奉檄守御。每有警，辄数月不就寝，使壮士更休，而自坐幄幕外。择健卒十人，令二人蹲踞而背倚之，漏鼓移，则番代。每寒夜起立，振衣裳，甲上冰霜迸落，铿然有声。或劝以少休，公日：“吾上恐负朝廷，下恐愧吾师也。”
译文： 崇祯末年，“流贼”张献忠在蕲州、黄州、潜山、桐城一带出没，史公以凤庐道员的身份奉命守御风阳、庐州一带。每逢有警报，他总是一连几个月不进寝室睡觉，让将士们轮换休息，自己却坐在帐幕外。他选择十个身强力壮的兵士，（每次）叫两个蹲坐着，自己背靠着他们，每过一更，就（让他们）轮换一次。每当严寒的夜晚，他一站起来，抖抖衣裳，铠甲上的冰霜散落下来，发出清脆的响声。有人劝他稍微休息一下，史公说：“我对上怕辜负了朝廷，对下怕对不起我的老师啊。”
注释： 崇祯：明思宗年号（1628—1644）。流贼：旧时对农民起义军的蔑称。张献忠（1606—1647），明末农民起义领袖。1644年在成都称帝，建大西国，1646年被清兵杀害。蕲（qi）、黄、潜、桐：今湖北蕲春县、黄冈县，安徽潜山县、桐城县一带。凤庐道：管辖凤阳府、庐州府一带的长官。道，道员，是一道的长官。更休：轮流休息。漏鼓移：指过了一段时间。漏，古时用滴水计时的器具。鼓，打更的鼓。番代：轮流代替。
史公治兵，往来桐城，必躬造左公第，候太公、太母起居，拜夫人于堂上。
译文： 史公领兵作战期间，往来经过桐城，一定亲自到左公府上，问候太公、太母安好，到堂上拜见夫人。
注释： 躬造：亲临。第：府第，住宅。侯起居：请问安好。
余宗老涂山，左公甥也，与先君子善，谓狱中语，乃亲得之于史公云。
译文： 我的同族老前辈涂山，是左公的女婿，与先父友好，他说（左公在）监狱中讲的话，是亲自从史公那里听到的。
注释： 宗老：同一宗族的老前辈。涂山：方苞族祖父的号，名文。
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新丰折臂翁》
方苞简介
唐代·方苞的简介
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方苞（1668年5月25日—1749年9月29日），字灵皋，亦字凤九，晚年号望溪，亦号南山牧叟。汉族，江南桐城（今安徽省桐城市凤仪里）人，生于江宁府（今江苏南京六合留稼村）。桐城“桂林方氏”（亦称“县里方”或“大方”）十六世，与明末大思想家方以智同属“桂林方氏”大家族。是清代散文家，桐城派散文创始人，与姚鼐[nài]、刘大櫆合称桐城三祖。