《对楚王问》翻译及注释
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先秦：宋玉
楚襄王问于宋玉曰：“先生其有遗行与？何士民众庶不誉之甚也！”
译文： 楚襄王向宋玉问道：“先生难道有什么不好的行为吗？为什么广大士民都说您不好呢？”
注释： 其：用在谓语“有”之前，表示询问，相当于现代汉语的“大概”、“可能”、“或许”等。何士民众庶不誉之甚也：为什么那么多士民不称誉您呀？这是一种委婉的说法，实际的意思是说许多士民在指责你。何，用于句首，与句末的“也”相配合，表示反问或感叹的语气。士民，这里指学道艺或习武勇的人。古代四民之一。众庶，庶民，众民。誉，称誉，赞美。甚，厉害，严重。
宋玉对曰：“唯，然，有之！愿大王宽其罪，使得毕其辞。客有歌于郢中者，其始曰《下里》、《巴人》，国中属而和者数千人。其为《阳(ē)阿》、《薤露》，国中属而和者数百人。其为《阳春》、《白雪》，国中有属而和者，不过数十人。引商刻羽，杂以流徵，国中属而和者，不过数人而已。是其曲弥高，其和弥寡。
注释： 唯：独立成句，表示对对方的话已经听清楚或同意，相当于现代汉语的“是”、“嗯”等。然：这样。用来代上文所说的情况。愿：希望。毕：完毕，结束。客：外来的人。歌：唱。郢：楚国的国都，在今湖北江陵县西北，《下里》、《巴人》：楚国的民间歌曲，比较通俗低级。下里，乡里。巴人，指巴蜀的人民。国：国都，京城，属：连接，跟着。和：跟着唱。《阳阿》、《薤露》：两种稍为高级的歌曲。《阳阿》，古歌曲名。《薤露》，相传为齐国东部（今山东东部）的挽歌，出殡时挽柩人所唱。薤露是说人命短促，有如薤叶上的露水，一瞬即干。《阳春》、《白雪》：楚国高雅的歌曲。引：引用。刻：刻画。商、羽、徽：五个音级中的三个。古代音乐有宫、商、角、徵（zhǐ）、羽五个音级，相当于简谱中的1、2、3、5、6.杂：夹杂，混合。流。流畅。是：这。弥：愈，越。
故鸟有凤而鱼有鲲。凤皇上击九千里，绝云霓，负苍天，足乱浮云，翱翔乎杳冥之上。夫蕃篱之鷃，岂能与之料天地之高哉？鲲鱼朝发昆仑之墟，暴鬐于碣石，暮宿于孟诸。夫尺泽之鲵，岂能与之量江海之大哉？故非独鸟有凤而鱼有鲲，士亦有之。夫圣人瑰意琦行，超然独处，世俗之民，又安知臣之所为哉？”
译文：客有歌于郢中者，其始曰《下里》、《巴人》，国中属而和者数千人。其为《阿》、《薤露》，国中属而和者数百人。
注释： 凤：凤凰，古代传说中的鸟王。一说雄的叫“凤”，雌的叫“凰”，通常都称作“凤”。鲲：古代传说中的一种大鱼。绝：尽，穷。云霓：指高空的云雾。负：背，用背驮东西。苍天：天。翱翔：展开翅膀回旋地飞。平：用法相当于介词“于”，在。杳冥：指极远的地方。夫：那，那个。用在作主语的名词之前，起指示作用。下文的“夫”同。藩篱：篱笆。鷃：一种小鸟。岂：用在谓语“料”前，与句末的“哉”一起，表示反诘。之：作介词“与”的宾语，代上文的“凤凰”。下文的“岂能与之量江海之大哉”的“岂”、“哉”、“之”同。料：估量，估计。朝：早晨。发：出发。昆仑：我国西北部的著名大山，西起帕米尔高原东部，横贯新疆、西藏间，东延入青海境内。墟：土丘。暴：暴露。鬐：鱼脊。碣石：渤海边上的一座山。在今河北昌黎北。孟诸：古代大泽名，在今河南商丘东北、虞城西北。尺泽：尺把大的小池。鲵：小鱼。量：衡量，计量。非独：不但。瑰意琦行：卓越的思想、美好的操行。世俗：指当时的一般人。多含有平常、凡庸的意思。安：怎么，哪里，表示反问。世俗之民：这里是指一般的人，普通人。
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佚名《
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乐毅报燕王书》
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左丘明《
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寺人披见文公》
宋玉简介
唐代·宋玉的简介
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宋玉，又名子渊，战国时鄢（今襄樊宜城）人， 楚国辞赋作家。生于屈原之后，或曰是屈原弟子。曾事楚顷襄王。好辞赋，为屈原之后辞赋家，与唐勒、景差齐名。相传所作辞赋甚多，《汉书·卷三十·艺文志第十》录有赋16篇，今多亡佚。流传作品有《九辨》、《风赋》、《高唐赋》、《登徒子好色赋》等，但后3篇有人怀疑不是他所作。所谓“下里巴人”、“阳春白雪”、“曲高和寡”的典故皆他而来。