《展喜犒师》翻译及注释
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先秦：左丘明
夏，齐孝公伐我北鄙。
译文： 齐孝公攻打鲁国北部边境。僖公派展喜去慰劳齐军，并叫他到展禽那里接受犒劳齐军的外交辞令。
注释： 齐孝公：齐桓公的儿子。鄙：边远地方。
公使展喜犒师、使受命于展禽、齐侯未入竟、展喜从之，曰：“寡君闻君亲举玉趾、将辱于敝邑，使下臣犒执事、”齐侯曰：“鲁人恐乎？”对曰：“小人恐矣，君子则否。”齐侯曰：“室如县罄、野无青草、何恃而不恐？”对曰：“恃先王之命。昔周公、大公股肱周室、夹辅成王。成王劳之，而赐之盟，曰：‘世世子孙无相害也！’载在盟府、大师职之、桓公是以纠合诸侯，而谋其不协，弥缝其阙、而匡救其灾，昭旧职也、及君即位，诸侯之望曰：‘其率桓之功、“我敝邑用是不敢保聚、曰：‘岂其嗣世九年，而弃命废职？其若先君何？君必不然。’恃此而不恐。”齐侯乃还。
译文： 齐孝公还没有进入鲁国国境，展喜出境迎上去进见他，说：“寡君听说您亲自出动大驾，将要光临敝邑，派遣下臣来犒劳您的左右侍从。”齐孝公说：“鲁国人害怕吗？”展喜回答说：“小人害怕了，君子就不。”齐孝公说：“你们的府库空虚得就像悬挂起来的磬，四野里连青草都没有，仗着什么而不害怕？”展喜回答说：“依仗先王的命令。从前周公、太公辅佐周室，在左右协助成王。成王慰问他们，赐给他们盟约，说：‘世世代代的子孙，不要互相侵害。’这个盟约藏在盟府里，由太史掌管。桓公因此联合诸侯，而解决他们之间的不和谐，弥补他们的缺失，而救援他们的灾难，这都是显扬过去的职责啊。等到君侯登上君位，诸侯都给予厚望，说：‘他会继承桓公的功业吧。’我敝邑因此不敢保城聚众，说：‘难道他即位九年，就丢弃王命，废掉职责，他怎么向先君交代？他一定不会这样的。’依仗这个才不害怕。”齐孝公于是收兵回国。
注释： 公：指鲁僖公。犒：慰劳。竟：同“境”。县：同“悬”。罄：中间空虚的乐器。周公：周文王的儿子，名旦，鲁国的始祖。大公：即吕望，姜姓，通称姜太公，齐国的始祖。大同“太”。股：大腿。肱：胳膊由肘到肩的部分。“股肱”，意为得力的助手。这里作动词用，意为辅佐。载：载言，指盟约。盟府：掌管盟约文书档案的官府。职：动词，掌管。旧职：从前的职守。即指齐始祖姜太公股肱周室的事业。率：遵循。桓：指齐桓公。
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韩愈《
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获麟解》
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佚名《
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祭公谏征犬戎》
左丘明简介
唐代·左丘明的简介
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丘明（姓姜，氏丘，名明），华夏人，生于前502年，死于前422年，享年80岁。丘穆公吕印的后代。本名丘明，因其先祖曾任楚国的左史官，故在姓前添“左”字，故称左史官丘明先生，世称“左丘明”，后为鲁国太史 。左氏世为鲁国太史，至丘明则约与孔子（前551-479）同时，而年辈稍晚。他是当时著名史家、学者与思想家，著有《春秋左氏传》、《国语》等。他左丘明的最重要贡献在于其所著《春秋左氏传》与《国语》二书。左氏家族世为太史，左丘明又与孔子一起“如周，观书于周史”，故熟悉诸国史事，并深刻理解孔子思想。