《祭公谏征犬戎》翻译及注释
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext11.php on line 88
两汉：佚名
穆王将征犬戎，祭公谋父谏曰：“不可。先王耀德不观兵。夫兵，戢而时动，动则威；观则玩，玩则无震。是故周文公之《颂》曰：‘载戢干戈，载櫜弓矢；我求懿德，肆于时夏。允王保之。’先王之于民也，茂正其德，而厚其性；阜其财求，而利其器用；明利害之乡，以文修之，使务利而避害，怀德而畏威，故能保世以滋大。
译文： 周穆王将征伐犬戎，祭公谋父劝阻说：“不行。先王显示德行而不炫耀武力。兵力是储存起来到一定时候动用的，一动用就使人畏惧；炫耀武力就会滥用，滥用就不能使人畏惧。所以周文公的《诗经·周颂·时迈》说：‘将兵器好好收藏，将弓箭藏在皮囊；我们君王寻求美德，施予这华夏之邦。君王定能保持天命久长。’先王对于百姓，努力端正他们的德行，使他们的性情更加宽厚；扩大他们的财源，改进他们的工具；指明利害的方向，用礼法整顿他们，使他们追求利益而避免祸害，怀念恩德而畏惧威力，所以能保证周王室世代相承，日益壮大。
注释： 穆王:周天子，名满。康王之孙，昭王的儿子。犬戎：我国古代西方民族名，即昆戎。商朝和周朝时，在今陕西泾水渭水流域游牧。祭公谋父周穆王的大臣，封于祭，故叫祭公。谋父是他的字。祭（zhài），父（fǔ）。戢（jí）：聚集，收藏。时动：按照一定的季节行动。如春夏务家，冬于讲武。震:惧怕。周文公：即周公，“文”是他的谥号。周公是周武王的弟弟，名旦，也称叔旦。载：语助词，无义。干戈：兵器名。櫜（gao）：古时收藏弓箭的袋子。这里用作动词，把弓箭收藏起来。懿德：美德。时：是，这。夏：中国。允：信，相信。王：指周武王。茂：通“懋”，勉励。德，道德。阜（fu）：大，多。乡（xiang）：所在。滋：增益，加多。
昔我先世后稷，以服事虞夏。及夏之衰也，弃稷弗务，我先王不窋，用失其官，而自窜于戎翟之间。不敢怠业，时序其德，纂修其绪，修其训典；朝夕恪勤，守以惇笃，奉以忠信，奕世戴德，不忝前人。至于武王，昭前之光明，而加之以慈和，事神保民，莫不欣喜。商王帝辛，大恶于民，庶民弗忍，欣戴武王，以致戎于商牧。是先王非务武也，勤恤民隐，而除其害也。
译文： 从前我们先王世代做农官之长，服事虞、夏两朝。到夏朝衰落的时候，废除了农官，不再致力于农业，我们先王不窋，因而失去了官职，隐藏到戎狄中间。他仍然不敢怠慢祖业，时常称道祖先的功德，继续完成祖先留下的事业，研习祖先的训令和典章；早晚谨慎勤恳，忠实地遵守，诚恳地奉行，世代继承祖先的功德，不辱前人。到了武王，发扬前代光明的德行，再加上仁慈与温和，事奉神灵，保养百姓，莫不欢欣喜悦。商王帝辛，大为百姓所憎恶，百姓不能忍受，欣然拥戴武王，在商朝国都郊外的牧野地方作战。这不是先王致力于武力，而是为了尽力体恤百姓的痛苦，除掉他们的祸害。
夫先王之制：邦内甸服，邦外侯服，侯、卫宾服，夷、蛮要服，戎、狄荒服。甸服者祭，侯服者祀，宾服者享，要服者贡，荒服者王。日祭，月祀，时享，岁贡，终王，先王之训也。
译文： 先王的制度：王畿以内五百里的地方称甸服，王畿以外五百里的地方称侯服，侯服以外至卫服以内的地方称宾服，宾服以外的蛮、夷地方称要服，要服以外的戎、狄地方称荒服。甸服地方的诸侯供给天子祭祀祖父、父亲的祭品，侯服地方的诸侯供给天子祭祀高、曾祖的祭品，宾服地方的诸侯供给天子祭祀远祖的祭品，要服地方的诸侯供给天子祭神的祭品，荒服地方的诸侯则朝见天子。祭祖父、父亲的祭品一日一次，祭高、曾祖的祭品一月一次，祭远祖的祭品一季一次，祭神的祭品一年一次，朝见天子一生一次。这是先王的遗训。
有不祭，则修意；有不祀，则修言；有不享，则修文；有不贡，则修名；有不王，则修德。序成而有不至，则修刑。于是乎有刑不祭，伐不祀，征不享，让不贡，告不王。于是乎有刑罚之辟，有攻伐之兵，有征讨之备，有威让之令，有文告之辞。布令陈辞，而又不至，则又增修于德，无勤民于远。
译文： 如有不逐日进贡的，天子就修省内心；有不按月进贡的，天子就修明法令；有不按季进贡的，天子就修明礼仪；有不进岁贡的，天子就修明尊卑名分；有不朝见的，天子就修明德行。这几个方面依次做到而仍有不来的，天子就修明刑法。这时就有惩罚不逐日进贡的，讨伐不按月进贡的，征讨不按季进贡的，责备不进岁贡的，晓谕不来朝见的。这时也就有惩治的法律，有攻伐的军队，有征讨的装备，有严厉谴责的命令，有用文字晓喻的文告。发布命令，公布文告，而再有不来的，天子就在德行上增强修养，不让百姓到远方去受苦。
是以近无不听，远无不服。今自大毕、伯士之终也，犬戎氏以其职来王，天子曰：‘予必以不享征之’，且观之兵，其无乃废先王之训，而王几顿乎？吾闻夫犬戎树惇，能帅旧德，而守终纯固，其有以御我矣。”王不听，遂征之，得四白狼、四白鹿以归。自是荒服者不至。
译文： 所以近处的诸侯无不听命，远方的诸侯无不归顺。现在大毕、伯士一去世，新即位的犬戎国君就带着贡品前来朝见，天子却说：‘我一定要以不享的罪名征讨他’，并且向他炫耀武力，这样做恐怕会废弃先王的遗训，而使朝见天子之礼濒于破坏吧？我听说那犬戎国君秉性敦厚，能遵循祖先的遗德，遵守终生朝见一次之礼，专一不二，他们会有防御我们的准备的。”穆王不听，去征战犬戎，只得到四只白狼、四只白鹿带回来了。从此以后，荒服地方的诸侯就不来朝见了。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext11.php on line 134
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext11.php on line 143
左丘明《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext11.php on line 143
展喜犒师》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext11.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext11.php on line 167
左丘明《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext11.php on line 167
蹇叔哭师》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext11.php on line 187
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/www.zenzhu.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext11.php on line 193