《朋党论》翻译及注释
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宋代：欧阳修
臣闻朋党之说，自古有之，惟幸人君辨其君子小人而已。大凡君子与君子以同道为朋，小人与小人以同利为朋，此自然之理也。
译文： 臣听说关于朋党的言论，是自古就有的，只是希望君主能分清他们是君子还是小人就好了。大概君子与君子因志趣一致结为朋党，而小人则因利益相同结为朋党，这是很自然的规律。
注释： 惟：只。幸：希望。大凡：大体上。道：一定的政治主张或思想体系。
然臣谓小人无朋，惟君子则有之。其故何哉？小人所好者禄利也，所贪者财货也。当其同利之时，暂相党引以为朋者，伪也；及其见利而争先，或利尽而交疏，则反相贼害，虽其兄弟亲戚，不能自保。故臣谓小人无朋，其暂为朋者，伪也。君子则不然。所守者道义，所行者忠信，所惜者名节。以之修身，则同道而相益；以之事国，则同心而共济；终始如一，此君子之朋也。故为人君者，但当退小人之伪朋，用君子之真朋，则天下治矣。
译文： 但是臣以为：小人并无朋党，只有君子才有。这是什么原因呢？小人所爱所贪的是薪俸钱财。当他们利益相同的时候，暂时地互相勾结成为朋党，那是虚假的；等到他们见到利益而争先恐后，或者利益已尽而交情淡漠之时，就会反过来互相残害，即使是兄弟亲戚，也不会互相保护。所以说小人并无朋党，他们暂时结为朋党，也是虚假的。君子就不是这样：他们坚持的是道义，履行的是忠信，珍惜的是名节。用这些来提高自身修养，那么志趣一致就能相互补益。用这些来为国家做事，那么观点相同就能共同前进。始终如一，这就是君子的朋党啊。所以做君主的，只要能斥退小人的假朋党，进用君子的真朋党，那么天下就可以安定了。
注释： 党引：勾结。贼害：残害。守：信奉；名节：名誉气节。之：指代上文的“道义”、“忠信”、“名节”。修身：按一定的道德规范进行自我修养。济：取得成功。退：排除，排斥。共（gōng）工驩兜（huándōu）等四人：指共工、兜、鲧（gǔn）、三苗，即后文被舜放逐的“四凶”。八元：传说中上古高辛氏的八个才子。八恺：传说中上古高阳氏的八个才子。皋（gāo）、夔（kuí）、稷（jì）、契（xiè）：传说他们都是舜时的贤臣，皋掌管刑法，掌管音乐，稷掌管农业，契掌管教育。《史记·五帝本纪》载：“舜曰：‘嗟!（汝）二十有二人，敬哉，惟时相天事。’”更（gēng）相：互相。书：《尚书》，也称《书经》。惟：语气词，这里表判断语气。周：指周武王，周朝开国君主。用：因此。
尧之时，小人共工、驩兜等四人为一朋，君子八元、八恺十六人为一朋。舜佐尧，退四凶小人之朋，而进元、恺君子之朋，尧之天下大治。及舜自为天子，而皋、夔、稷、契等二十二人并列于朝，更相称美，更相推让，凡二十二人为一朋，而舜皆用之，天下亦大治。《书》曰：“纣有臣亿万，惟亿万心；周有臣三千，惟一心。”纣之时，亿万人各异心，可谓不为朋矣，然纣以亡国。周武王之臣，三千人为一大朋，而周用以兴。后汉献帝时，尽取天下名士囚禁之，目为党人。及黄巾贼起，汉室大乱，后方悔悟，尽解党人而释之，然已无救矣。唐之晚年，渐起朋党之论。及昭宗时，尽杀朝之名士，或投之黄河，曰：“此辈清流，可投浊流。”而唐遂亡矣。
译文： 唐尧的时候，小人共工、驩兜等四人结为一个朋党，君子八元、八恺等十六人结为一个朋党。舜辅佐尧，斥退“四凶”的小人朋党，而进用“元、恺”的君子朋党，唐尧的天下因此非常太平。等到虞舜自己做了天子，皋陶、夔、稷、契等二十二人同时列位于朝廷。他们互相推举，互相谦让，一共二十二人结为一个朋党。但是虞舜全都进用他们，天下也因此得到大治。《尚书》上说：“商纣有亿万臣，是亿万条心；周有三千臣，却是一条心。”商纣王的时候，亿万人各存异心，可以说不成朋党了，于是纣王因此而亡国。周武王的臣下，三千人结成一个大朋党，但周朝却因此而兴盛。后汉献帝的时候，把天下名士都关押起来，把他们视作“党人”。等到黄巾贼来了，汉王朝大乱，然后才悔悟，解除了党锢释放了他们，可是已经无可挽救了。唐朝的末期，逐渐生出朋党的议论，到了昭宗时，把朝廷中的名士都杀害了，有的竟被投入黄河，说什么“这些人自命为清流，应当把他们投到浊流中去”。唐朝也就随之灭亡了。
注释： 后汉献帝：东汉最后一个皇帝刘协。逮捕，囚禁“党人”应是桓帝、灵帝时的宦官所为。尽取天下名士囚禁之：东汉桓帝时，宦官专权，一些名士如李膺等二百多人反对宦官被加上“诽讪朝廷”的罪名，逮捕囚禁。到灵帝时，李膺等一百多人被杀，六、七百人受到株连，历史上称为“党锢之祸”。目：作动词用，看作。黄巾贼：此指张角领导的黄巾军。“贼”是对农民起义的诬称。解：解除，赦免。朋党之论：唐穆宗至宣宗年间（821-859年），统治集团内形成的牛僧孺为首的党和以李德裕为首的李党，朋党之间互相争斗，历时四十余年，史称“牛李党争”。
夫前世之主，能使人人异心不为朋，莫如纣；能禁绝善人为朋，莫如汉献帝；能诛戮清流之朋，莫如唐昭宗之世；然皆乱亡其国。更相称美推让而不自疑，莫如舜之二十二臣，舜亦不疑而皆用之；然而后世不诮舜为二十二人朋党所欺，而称舜为聪明之圣者，以能辨君子与小人也。周武之世，举其国之臣三千人共为一朋，自古为朋之多且大，莫如周；然周用此以兴者，善人虽多而不厌也。
译文： 前代的君主，能使人人异心不结为朋党的，谁也不及商纣王；能禁绝好人结为朋党的，谁也不及汉献帝；能杀害“清流”们的朋党的，谁也不及唐昭宗之时；但是都由此而使他们的国家招来混乱以至灭亡。互相推举谦让而不疑忌的，谁也不及虞舜的二十二位大臣，虞舜也毫不猜疑地进用他们。但是后世并不讥笑虞舜被二十二人的朋党所蒙骗，却赞美虞舜是聪明的圣主，原因就在于他能区别君子和小人。周武王时，全国所有的臣下三千人结成一个朋党，自古以来作为朋党又多又大的，谁也不及周朝；然而周朝因此而兴盛，原因就在于善良之士虽多却不感到满足。
注释： 昭宗：唐朝将要灭亡时的一个皇帝。杀名士投之黄河本发生于唐哀帝天佑二年，哀帝是唐代最后一个皇帝。“此辈清流”两句：这是权臣朱温的谋士李振向朱温提出的建议。朱温在白马驿（今河南洛阳附近）杀大臣裴枢等七人，并将他们的尸体投入黄河。清流：指品行高洁的人。浊流：指品格卑污的人。诮（qiào）：责备。厌：通“餍”，满足。
嗟呼！兴亡治乱之迹，为人君者，可以鉴矣。
译文： 前代治乱兴亡的过程，为君主的可以做为借鉴了。迹：事迹。鉴：动词，照，引申为借鉴。
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左丘明《
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齐桓下拜受胙》
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左丘明《
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晏子不死君难》
欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。