《祭鳄鱼文》翻译及注释
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唐代：韩愈
维年月日，潮州刺史韩愈使军事衙推秦济，以羊一、猪一，投恶溪之潭水，以与鳄鱼食，而告之曰：
译文： 某年某月某日，潮州刺史韩愈派遣部下军事衙推秦济，把一只羊、一头猪，投入恶溪的潭水中，送给鳄鱼吃，同时又警告它：
昔先王既有天下，列山泽，罔绳擉刃，以除虫蛇恶物为民害者，驱而出之四海之外。及后王德薄，不能远有，则江汉之间，尚皆弃之以与蛮、夷、楚、越；况潮岭海之间，去京师万里哉！鳄鱼之涵淹卵育于此，亦固其所。今天子嗣唐位，神圣慈武，四海之外，六合之内，皆抚而有之；况禹迹所揜，扬州之近地，刺史、县令之所治，出贡赋以供天地宗庙百神之祀之壤者哉？鳄鱼其不可与刺史杂处此土也。
译文： 古时候的帝王拥有天下后，放火焚烧山岭和泽地的草木，用绳索去网捉、用利刃去刺杀，以除灭虫、蛇等那些给人民带来危害的动物，并把它们驱逐到四海之外去。到了后世，帝王的德行威望不够，不能统治远方，于是，长江、汉水之间的大片土地只得放弃给东南各族；更何况潮州地处五岭和南海之间，离京城有万里之遥呢？鳄鱼潜伏、生息在此地，也就很自然了。当今天子继承了大唐帝位，神明圣伟，仁慈英武。四海之外，天地四方之内，都在他的安抚统辖之下。更何况潮州是大禹足迹所到过的地方，是古代扬州的地域，是刺史、县令治理的地区，又是交纳贡品、赋税以供应皇上祭天地、祭祖宗、祭神灵的地方呢？鳄鱼是一定不可以同刺史一起生活在这块土地上的！
注释： 维：在。潮州：州名，治所唐时海阳县（今广东潮州市），辖境约相当于今广东省潮州、汕头、揭阳和梅州、汕尾市一部分地区。刺史：州的行政长官。军事衙推：州刺史的属官。恶溪：在潮安境内，又名鳄溪、意溪，韩江经此，合流而南。食：吃，食用。
刺史受天子命，守此土，治此民，而鳄鱼睅然不安溪潭，据处食民畜、熊、豕、鹿、獐，以肥其身，以种其子孙；与刺史亢拒，争为长雄；刺史虽驽弱，亦安肯为鳄鱼低首下心，伈伈睍睍，为民吏羞，以偷活于此邪！且承天子命以来为吏，固其势不得不与鳄鱼辨。
译文： 刺史接受天子的任命，镇守这块土地，治理这里的民众，而鳄鱼竟敢不安分守己地呆在溪潭之中，占据一方吞食民众、牲畜、熊、猪、鹿、獐，来养肥自己的身体，繁衍自己的后代，与刺史抗衡，争当统领一方的英雄。刺史虽然驽钝软弱，又怎么能向鳄鱼低头屈服，胆怯害怕，给治理百姓的官吏丢脸，并在此地苟且偷安呢？而且刺史是奉天子的命令来这里当官的，他势必不得不与鳄鱼讲明道理。
注释： 列：同“烈”。罔：同“网”。擉：刺。蛮：古时对南方少数民族的贬称。夷：古时对东方少数民族的贬称。楚、越：泛指东南方偏远地区。岭海：岭，即越城、都宠、萌渚、骑田、大庾等五岭，地处今湘、赣、桂、粤边境。海，南海。今天子：指唐宪宗李纯。禹：大禹，传说中古代部落联盟的领袖。曾奉舜之命治理洪水，足迹遍于九州。故称九州大地为“禹迹”、“禹域”。揜：同“掩”。扬州：传说大禹治水以后，把天下划为九州，扬州即其一，据《尚书·禹贡》：“淮，海惟扬州。”《传》：潮州古属扬州地域。
鳄鱼有知，其听刺史言：潮之州，大海在其南，鲸、鹏之大，虾、蟹之细，无不归容，以生以食，鳄鱼朝发而夕至也。今与鳄鱼约：尽三日，其率丑类南徙于海，以避天子之命吏；三日不能，至五日；五日不能，至七日；七日不能，是终不肯徙也。是不有刺史、听从其言也；不然，则是鳄鱼冥顽不灵，刺史虽有言，不闻不知也。夫傲天子之命吏，不听其言，不徙以避之，与冥顽不灵而为民物害者，皆可杀。刺史则选材技吏民，操强弓毒矢，以与鳄鱼从事，必尽杀乃止。其无悔！
译文： 鳄鱼如果能够知道，可要听刺史我的话：潮州这地方，大海在它的南面。大到鲸鱼、鹏鸟，小到虾子、螃蟹，没有不在大海里归宿藏身、生活取食的。鳄鱼早上从潮州出发，晚上就能到达大海。现在，刺史与鳄鱼约定：至多三天，务必率领那批丑陋的同伙南迁到大海去，以躲避天子任命的地方官；三天办不到，就放宽到五天；五天办不到，就放宽到七天；七天还办不到，这就表明最终不肯迁徙了。这就是不把刺史放在眼里，不肯听他的话。不然的话，就是鳄鱼愚蠢顽固，虽然刺史已经有言在先，但还是听不进，不理解。凡对天子任命的官吏傲慢无礼，不听他的话，不肯迁徙躲避，以及愚蠢顽固而又残害民众的牲畜，都应该处死。刺史就要挑选有才干有技能的官吏和民众，操起强硬的弓弩，安上有毒的箭镞，来同鳄鱼较量，一定要把鳄鱼全部杀尽才肯罢手。可不要后悔啊！
注释： 睅然：瞪起眼睛，很凶狠的样子。长：用作动词。弩：一种用机械力量射箭的弓，泛指弓。伈伈：恐惧貌。睍睍：眯起眼睛看，喻胆怯。
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骆宾王《
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为徐敬业讨武曌檄》
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屈原《
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卜居》
韩愈简介
唐代·韩愈的简介
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韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。