《报刘一丈书》翻译及注释
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明代：宗臣
数千里外，得长者时赐一书，以慰长想，即亦甚幸矣；何至更辱馈遗，则不才益将何以报焉？书中情意甚殷，即长者之不忘老父，知老父之念长者深也。
译文： 在数千里以外，时常得到您老人家的来信，安慰我的长久想念，这已经十分幸运了。竟然还承蒙您赠送礼物，那么我更要用什么来报答呢？您在信中表达的情意十分恳切，说明您没有忘记我的老父亲，从而也可以知道老父亲是很深切地想念您老人家的。
至以「上下相孚，才德称位」语不才，则不才有深感焉。夫才德不称，固自知之矣；至於不孚之病，则尤不才为甚。
译文： 至于信中以“上下要互相信任，才能和品德要与职位相符合”的话教导我，正是我所亲切感受到的。我的才能和品德与职位不相符，本来我就知道的。至于不能做到上下相互信任的弊病，在我的身上表现得更厉害。
且今之所谓孚者，何哉？日夕策马，候权者之门。门者故不入，则甘言媚词，作妇人状，袖金以私之。即门者持刺入，而主人又不即出见；立厩中仆马之间，恶气袭衣袖，即饥寒毒热不可忍，不去也。抵暮，则前所受赠金者，出报客曰：「相公倦，谢客矣！客请明日来！」即明日，又不敢不来。夜披衣坐，闻鸡鸣，即起盥栉，走马抵门；门者怒曰：「为谁？」则曰：「昨日之客来。」则又怒曰：「何客之勤也？岂有相公此时出见客乎？」客心耻之，强忍而与言曰：「亡奈何矣，姑容我入！」门者又得所赠金，则起而入之；又立向所立厩中。幸主者出，南面召见，则惊走匍匐阶下。主者曰：「进！」则再拜，故迟不起；起则上所上寿金。主者故不受，则固请。主者故固不受，则又固请，然後命吏纳之。则又再拜，又故迟不起；起则五六揖始出。出揖门者曰：「官人幸顾我，他日来，幸无阻我也！」门者答揖。大喜奔出，马上遇所交识，即扬鞭语曰：「适自相公家来，相公厚我，厚我！」且虚言状。即所交识，亦心畏相公厚之矣。相公又稍稍语人曰：「某也贤！某也贤！」闻者亦心许交赞之。
译文： 且看当今社会上所说的上下信任是怎么一回事呢？当他从早到晚骑马去权贵人家的门口恭候的时候，守门的人故意为难不肯让他进去，他就用甜言媚语装作妇人的姿态，把袖里藏着的金钱偷偷地塞给守门人。守门人拿着名帖进去之后，而主人又不立即出来接见，他就站在马棚里，与仆人和马匹相处，臭气熏着衣服，即使是饥饿寒冷或闷热得无法忍受，也不肯离去。一直到傍晚，那个先前曾经接受金钱的守门人出来对他说：“相公疲劳了，谢绝会客，客人请明天再来吧。”到了第二天，他又不敢不来。晚上他披衣坐等，一听到鸡叫就起来洗脸梳头，骑着马跑到相府门口，守门人发怒地说：“是谁？”他便回答说：“昨天的客人又来了。”守门人又怒气冲冲地说：“你这个客人倒来得这样勤！难道相公能在这个时候出来会客吗？”客人心里感到受耻辱，只有勉强忍耐着对守门人说：“没有办法啦！姑且让我进去吧！”守门人再次得到他送的一笔钱，才起身放他进去。他又站在原来站过的马棚里。幸好主人出来了，在客厅上朝南坐着，召他进去见面，他就慌慌张张地跑上去，拜伏在台阶下。主人说：“进来！”他便拜了又拜，故意迟迟不起来，起来后就献上进见的金银。主人故意不接受，他就一再请求收下；主人故意坚决不接受，他就再三请求。然后主人叫手下人把东西收起来，他便拜了又拜，故意迟迟不起，起来后又作了五六个揖才出来。出来他就对守门人作揖说：“多亏老爷关照我！下次再来，希望不要阻拦我。”守门人向他回礼，他就十分高兴地跑出来。他骑在马上碰到相识的朋友，就扬起马鞭得意洋洋地对人说：“我刚从相府出来，相公待我很好，很好！”并且虚假地叙述受到接待的情况。因此与他相识的朋友，也从心里敬畏他能得到相公的优待。相公又偶尔对别人说：“某人好，某人好。”听到这些话的人也都在心里盘算着并且一齐称赞他。这就是所说的上下信任，您老人家说我能这样做吗？
此世所谓上下相孚也，长者谓仆能之乎？前所谓权门者，自岁时伏腊，一刺之外，即经年不往也。闲道经其门，则亦掩耳闭目，跃马疾走过之，若有所追逐者，斯则仆之褊衷，以此长不见怡於长吏，仆则愈益不顾也。每大言曰：「人生有命，吾惟有命，吾惟守分而已。」长者闻之，得无厌其为迂乎？
译文： 对于前面所说的权贵人家，我除了过年过节例如伏日、腊日投一个名帖外，就整年不去。有时经过他的门前，我也是捂着耳朵，闭着眼睛，鞭策着马匹飞快地跑过去，就象后面有人追逐似的。这就是我狭隘的心怀，因此经常不受长官欢迎（不被长官赏识），而我则更加不顾这一切了。我常常发表高谈阔论：“人生遭际都是由命运决定的，我只是守自己的本份罢了！”您老人家听了我的这番话，或许（恐怕）不会嫌我过于迂腐吧！
乡园多故，不能不动客子之愁。至于长者之抱才而困，则又令我怆然有感。天之与先生者甚厚，亡论长者不欲轻弃之，即天意亦不欲长者之轻弃之也，幸宁心哉！
译文： 家乡多次遭遇灾祸，不能不触动旅居在外的人的愁思。至于您老人家的怀才不遇，也使我心情悲伤而有所感触。上天赋于您的才德是很优厚的，不要说您老人家不愿轻易抛弃它，就是天意也不愿让您轻易地抛弃啊。希望您安心等待吧！
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左丘明《
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子产坏晋馆垣》
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晁错《
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论贵粟疏》
宗臣简介
唐代·宗臣的简介
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宗臣（1525～1560）明代文学家。字子相，号方城山人。兴化（今属江苏兴化）人。南宋末年著名抗金名将宗泽后人。嘉靖二十九年进士，由刑部主事调吏部，以病归，筑室百花洲上，读书其中，后历吏部稽勋员外郎，杨继盛死，臣赙以金，为严嵩所恶，出为福建参议，以御倭寇功升福建提学副使，卒官。诗文主张复古，与李攀龙等齐名，为“嘉靖七子”（后七子）之一，散文《报刘一丈书》，对当时官场丑态有所揭露，著有《宗子相集》。