《祭十二郎文》翻译及注释
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唐代：韩愈
年、月、日，季父愈闻汝丧之七日，乃能衔哀致诚，使建中远具时羞之奠，告汝十二郎之灵：
译文： 某年、某月、某日，叔父韩愈在听说你去世后的第七天，才得以含着哀痛向你表达诚意，并派建中在远方备办了应时的鲜美食品作为祭品，告慰你十二郎的灵位：
呜呼！吾少孤，及长，不省所怙，惟兄嫂是依。中年，兄殁南方，吾与汝俱幼，从嫂归葬河阳。既又与汝就食江南。零丁孤苦，未尝一日相离也。吾上有三兄，皆不幸早世。承先人后者，在孙惟汝，在子惟吾。两世一身，形单影只。嫂尝抚汝指吾而言曰：“韩氏两世，惟此而已！”汝时尤小，当不复记忆。吾时虽能记忆，亦未知其言之悲也。
译文： 唉，我自幼丧父，等到大了，不知道父亲是什么模样，只有依靠兄嫂抚养。哥哥正当中年时就因与犯罪的宰相关系密切而受牵连被贬为韶州刺史，次年死于贬所。我和你都还小，跟随嫂嫂把灵柩送回河阳老家安葬。随后又和你到江南谋生，孤苦伶丁，也未曾一天分开过。我上面本来有三个哥哥，都不幸早死。继承先父的后代，在孙子辈里只有你，在儿子辈里只有我。韩家子孙两代各剩一人，孤孤单单。嫂子曾经抚摸着你的头对我说：“韩氏两代，就只有你们两个了！”那时你比我更小，当然记不得了；我当时虽然能够记事，但也还不能体会她话中的悲凉啊！
吾年十九，始来京城。其后四年，而归视汝。又四年，吾往河阳省坟墓，遇汝从嫂丧来葬。又二年，吾佐董丞相于汴州，汝来省吾。止一岁，请归取其孥。明年，丞相薨。吾去汴州，汝不果来。是年，吾佐戎徐州，使取汝者始行，吾又罢去，汝又不果来。吾念汝从于东，东亦客也，不可以久；图久远者，莫如西归，将成家而致汝。呜呼！孰谓汝遽去吾而殁乎！吾与汝俱少年，以为虽暂相别，终当久相与处。故舍汝而旅食京师，以求斗斛之禄。诚知其如此，虽万乘之公相，吾不以一日辍汝而就也。
译文： 我十九岁时，初次来到京城参加考试。四年以后，才回去看你。又过了四年，我去河阳凭吊祖先的坟墓，碰上你护送嫂嫂的灵柩来安葬。又过了两年，我在汴州辅佐董丞相，你来探望我，留下住了一年，你请求回去接妻子儿女。第二年，董丞相去世，我离开汴州，你没能来成。这一年，我在徐州辅佐军务，派去接你的人刚动身，我就被免职，你又没来成。我想，你跟我在东边的汴州、徐州，也是客居，不可能久住；从长远考虑，还不如我回到家乡，等在那里安下家再接你来。唉！谁能料到你竟突然离我而死呢？当初，我和你都年轻，总以为虽然暂时分别，终究会长久在一起的。因此我离开你而旅居长安，以寻求微薄的俸禄。假如真的知道会这样，即使让我做高官厚禄的公卿宰相，我也不愿因此离开你一天而去赴任啊！
去年，孟东野往。吾书与汝曰：“吾年未四十，而视茫茫，而发苍苍，而齿牙动摇。念诸父与诸兄，皆康强而早世。如吾之衰者，其能久存乎？吾不可去，汝不肯来，恐旦暮死，而汝抱无涯之戚也！”孰谓少者殁而长者存，强者夭而病者全乎！
译文： 去年，孟东野到你那里去时，我写给你的信中说：“我年纪还不到四十岁，但视力模糊，头发花白，牙齿松动。想起各位父兄，都在健康强壮的盛年早早去世，像我这样衰弱的人，难道还能长活在世上吗？我不能离开（职守），你又不肯来，恐怕我早晚一死，你就会有无穷无尽的忧伤。”谁能料到年轻的却先死了，而年老的反而还活着，强壮的早早死去，而衰弱的反而还活在人间呢？
呜呼！其信然邪？其梦邪？其传之非其真邪？信也，吾兄之盛德而夭其嗣乎？汝之纯明而不克蒙其泽乎？少者、强者而夭殁，长者、衰者而存全乎？未可以为信也。梦也，传之非其真也，东野之书，耿兰之报，何为而在吾侧也？呜呼！其信然矣！吾兄之盛德而夭其嗣矣！汝之纯明宜业其家者，不克蒙其泽矣！所谓天者诚难测，而神者诚难明矣！所谓理者不可推，而寿者不可知矣！
译文： 唉！是真的这样呢？还是在做梦呢？还是这传来的消息不可靠呢？如果是真的，那么我哥哥有（那么）美好的品德反而早早地绝后了呢？你（那么）纯正聪明反而不能承受他的恩泽呢？难道年轻强壮的反而要早早死去，年老衰弱的却应活在世上吗？实在不敢把它当作真的啊！如果是梦，传来的噩耗不是真的，可是东野的来信，耿兰的报丧，却又为什么在我身边呢？啊！大概是真的了！我哥哥有美好的品德竟然早早地失去后代，你纯正聪明，本来是应该继承家业的，现在却不能承受你父亲的恩泽了。这正是所谓苍天确实难以揣测，而神意实在难以知道了！也就是所谓天理不可推求，而寿命的长短无法预知啊！
虽然，吾自今年来，苍苍者或化而为白矣，动摇者或脱而落矣。毛血日益衰，志气日益微，几何不从汝而死也。死而有知，其几何离；其无知，悲不几时，而不悲者无穷期矣。
译文： 虽然这样，我从今年以来，花白的头发，全要变白了，松动的牙齿，也像要脱落了，身体越来越衰弱，精神也越来越差了，过不了多久就要随你死去了。如果死后有知，那么我们又能分离多久呢？如果我死后无知，那么我也不能悲痛多少时间了，而（死后）不悲痛的时间却是无穷无尽的。
汝之子始十岁，吾之子始五岁。少而强者不可保，如此孩提者，又可冀其成立邪？呜呼哀哉！呜呼哀哉！
译文： 你的儿子才十岁，我的儿子才五岁，年轻强壮的尚不能保全，像这么大的孩子，又怎么能希望他们成人立业呢？啊，悲痛啊，真是悲痛！
汝去年书云：“比得软脚病，往往而剧。”吾曰：“是疾也，江南之人，常常有之。”未始以为忧也。呜呼！其竟以此而殒其生乎？抑别有疾而至斯极乎？
译文： 你去年来信说：“近来得了软脚病，时常（发作）疼得厉害。”我说：“这种病，江南人常常得。”没有当作值得忧虑的事。唉，（谁知道）竟然会因此而丧了命呢？还是由于别的病而导致这样的不幸呢？
汝之书，六月十七日也。东野云，汝殁以六月二日；耿兰之报无月日。盖东野之使者，不知问家人以月日；如耿兰之报，不知当言月日。东野与吾书，乃问使者，使者妄称以应之乎。其然乎？其不然乎？
译文： 你的信是六月十七日写的。东野说你是六月二日死的，耿兰报丧时没有说日期。大概是东野的使者不知道向你的家人问明日期，而耿兰报丧竟不知道应该告诉日期？还是东野给我写信时，才去问使者，使者胡乱说个日期应付呢？是这样呢？还是不是这样呢？
今吾使建中祭汝，吊汝之孤与汝之乳母。彼有食，可守以待终丧，则待终丧而取以来；如不能守以终丧，则遂取以来。其余奴婢，并令守汝丧。吾力能改葬，终葬汝于先人之兆，然后惟其所愿。
译文： 现在我派建中来祭奠你，安慰你的孩子和你的乳母。他们有粮食能够守丧到丧期终了，就等到丧期结束后再把他们接来；如果不能守到丧期终了，我就马上接来。剩下的奴婢，叫他们一起守丧。如果我有能力迁葬，最后一定把你安葬在祖坟旁，这样以后，才算了却我的心愿。
呜呼！汝病吾不知时，汝殁吾不知日，生不能相养以共居，殁不能抚汝以尽哀，敛不凭其棺，窆不临其穴。吾行负神明，而使汝夭；不孝不慈，而不能与汝相养以生，相守以死。一在天之涯，一在地之角，生而影不与吾形相依，死而魂不与吾梦相接。吾实为之，其又何尤！彼苍者天，曷其有极！自今已往，吾其无意于人世矣！当求数顷之田于伊颍之上，以待余年，教吾子与汝子，幸其成；长吾女与汝女，待其嫁，如此而已。
译文：汝病吾不知时，汝殁吾不知日，生不能相养于共居，殁不得抚汝以尽哀，敛不凭其棺，窆不临其穴。
呜呼，言有穷而情不可终，汝其知也邪？其不知也邪？呜呼哀哉！尚飨！
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佚名《
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范雎说秦王》
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苏轼《
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放鹤亭记》
韩愈简介
唐代·韩愈的简介
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韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。