《即事三首》翻译及注释
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明代：夏完淳
复楚情何极，亡秦气未平。
译文：复国的愿望多么急切难禁，消灭敌人的志气在心头热烈奔腾。
注释：复楚：暗指复明。亡秦，暗指亡清。
雄风清角劲，落日大旗明。
译文：大风送来清脆而雄劲的角声，夕阳的余辉照在大旗上，红艳鲜明。
注释：雄风：指义军的军威。清角劲：清越的号角声悲壮有力。落日：指夕阳斜晖。大旗：指义军的军旗。
缟素酬家国，戈船决死生！
译文：我全身缟素，立誓要报国仇家恨，指挥兵船跟敌人拼个你死我生。
注释：缟素：指白色的孝服。酬家国：报家国之仇。家仇，指作者之父夏允彝于1645年兵败，投水殉国。国仇，指明朝灭亡。戈船：战船，指义军的水师。
胡笳千古恨，一片月临城。
译文：听到胡笳声，激起我满腔无限的悲愤；抬头见明月已上城头，一片光明。
注释：胡笳：古代管乐器。这句指清军势大。
战苦难酬国，仇深敢忆家？
译文：战斗万分艰苦，报国真是谈何容易。国仇如此深重，岂敢再顾念妻子儿女？
注释：敢：这里是岂敢、不敢之意。
一身存汉腊，满目渺胡沙。
译文：我终身只承认大明中国的正朔和传统，但满眼看到的是一片被敌人蹂躏的土地。
注释：汉腊：这里用以表示要毕身忠于明王朝。以汉代明。腊，从周代开始的一种岁中祭祀活动。胡沙：胡人占领下满目荒凉的土地。
落月翻旗影，清霜冷剑花。
译文：月亮照着大旗的影子不断翻飞，宝剑射出霜雪一样的白光和逼人的寒气。
注释：剑花：剑上的霜花。
六军浑散尽，半夜起悲笳。
译文：可叹我们的队伍已全被打散在四处，半夜里，听到悲凉的笳声从四面响起。
注释：六军：天子有六军，见《周礼》，这里泛指军队。浑：全。
一旅同仇谊，三秋故主怀。
译文：旅内结成了同仇敌忾的情谊，三年里，我一直怀念先帝。
注释：一旅：《左传·哀公元年》：“有众一旅”注：“五百人为旅”。“三秋”一句：公元1644年，明思宗在煤山自缢，1646年作者入吴易义军，前后三年整，故称三秋。故主怀，“怀故主”的倒装句。故主，指明思宗。
将星沉左辅，卿月隐中台。
译文：清兵攻克扬州，一颗将星就此陨落。奸臣当政，贤良之士尽皆隐蔽。
注释：“将星”一句：指1645年清兵攻陷扬州，史可法死难。将星，古代认为帝王将相都上应天星。左辅，这里指扬州。“卿月”一句：这里卿月比喻贤臣。中台，星名，三台之一。古代以三台喻三公之位。中台谓司徒，这里指朝廷。此句是指马士英、阮大铖等奸佞当权，朝政败坏，贤良之士尽皆隐蔽。
东阁尘宾幕，西征愧赋才。
译文：自己能力差，不能胜任义军的参谋，惭愧自己没有像潘岳一般的才能。
注释：东阁：语出《汉书·公孙弘传》：“于是起宾馆，开东阁，以延贤人，与参谋议。”尘：玷污。宾幕：即幕宾。西征：潘岳曾作《西征赋》。
月明笳鼓切，今夜为谁哀。
译文：此夜明月高挂，响起军号之声，这是为谁而哀鸣？
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上一首：
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陆游《
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书愤五首·其一》
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范成大《
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州桥》
夏完淳简介
唐代·夏完淳的简介
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夏完淳（1631～1647）原名复，字存古，号小隐、灵首（一作灵胥），乳名端哥，汉族，明松江府华亭县（现上海市松江）人，明末著名诗人，少年抗清英雄，民族英雄。夏允彝子。七岁能诗文。十四岁从父及陈子龙参加抗清活动。鲁王监国授中书舍人。事败被捕下狱，赋绝命诗，遗母与妻，临刑神色不变。著有《南冠草》、《续幸存录》等。