《丹青引赠曹将军霸》翻译及注释
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唐代：杜甫
将军魏武之子孙，于今为庶为清门。
译文：曹将军是魏武帝曹操后代子孙，而今却沦为平民百姓成为寒门。
注释：魏武：指魏武帝曹操。庶：即庶人、平民。清门：即寒门，清贫之家。玄宗末年．霸得罪。削籍为庶人。
英雄割据虽已矣，文采风流今尚存。
译文：英雄割据的时代一去不复返了，曹家文章丰采却在你身上留存。
学书初学卫夫人，但恨无过王右军。
译文：当年为学书法你先拜师卫夫人，只恨得没有超过王羲之右将军。
注释：卫夫人：名铄，字茂猗。晋代有名的女书法家，擅长隶书及正书。王右军：即晋代书法家王羲之．官至右军将军。
丹青不知老将至，富贵于我如浮云。
译文：你毕生专攻绘画不知老之将至，荣华富贵对于你却如空中浮云。
开元之中常引见，承恩数上南薰殿。
译文：开元年间你常常被唐玄宗召见，承恩载德你曾多次登上南薰殿。
注释：开元：唐玄宗的年号(公元713年——711年)。引见：皇帝召见臣属。承恩：获得皇帝的恩宠。南薰殿：唐宫殿名。
凌烟功臣少颜色，将军下笔开生面。
译文：凌烟阁的功臣画象年久褪颜色，曹将军你挥笔重画又别开生面。
注释：凌烟：即凌烟阁，唐太宗为了褒奖文武开国功臣，于贞观十七年命阎立本等在凌烟阁画二十四功臣图。少颜色，指功臣图像因年久而褪色。开生面：展现出如生的面貌。
良相头上进贤冠，猛将腰间大羽箭。
译文：良相们的头顶都戴上了进贤冠，猛将们的腰间皆佩带着大羽箭。
注释：进贤冠：古代成名，文儒者之服。大羽箭：大杆长箭。
褒公鄂(è)公毛发动，英姿飒爽来酣战。
译文：褒公鄂公的毛发似乎都在抖动，他们英姿飒爽好象是正在酣战。
注释：褒公：即段志玄、封褒国公。鄂公：即尉迟敬德，封鄂国公。二人均系唐代开国名将，同为功臣图中的人物。
先帝御马五花骢，画工如山貌不同。
译文：开元时先帝的天马名叫玉花骢，多少画家画出的都与原貌不同。
注释：先帝：指唐玄宗。死于公元762年。五花骢：玄宗所骑的骏马名。骢是青白色的马。山：众多的意思。貌不同：画得不—样，即画得不象。貌，在这里作动词用。
是日牵来赤墀下，迥立阊阖生长风。
译文：当天玉花骢被牵到殿中红阶下，昂首屹立宫门更增添它的威风。
注释：赤墀：也叫丹墀。宫殿前的台阶。阊阖：宫门。
诏谓将军拂绢素，意匠惨澹经营中。
译文：皇上命令你展开丝绢准备作画，你匠心独运惨淡经营刻苦用功。
注释：诏：皇帝的命令。意匠：指画家的立意和构思。惨澹：费心良苦。经营：即绘画的“经营位置，结构安排。
斯须九重真龙出，一洗万古凡马空。
译文：片刻间九天龙马就在绢上显现，一下比得万代凡马皆成了平庸。
注释：九重：代指皇宫，因天子有九重门。真龙、古人称马高八尺为龙，这里喻所画的玉花骢。
玉花却在御榻上，榻上庭前屹相向。
译文：玉花骢图如真马倒在皇帝榻上，榻上马图和阶前屹立真马相同。
至尊含笑催赐金，圉人太仆皆惆怅。
译文：皇上含笑催促左右赏赐你黄金，太仆和马倌们个个都迷惘发怔。
注释：圉人，管理御马的官吏。太仆：管理皇帝车马的官吏。
弟子韩干早入室，亦能画马穷殊相。
译文：将军的门生韩干画技早学上手，他也能画马且有许多不凡形象。
注释：韩干：唐代名画家。善画人物，更擅长鞍马。他初师曹霸，注重写生，后来自成一家。穷殊相：极尽各种不同的形姿变化。
干惟画肉不画骨，忍使骅骝气凋丧。
译文：韩干只画外表画不出内在精神，常使骅骝好马的生气凋敝失丧。
将军画善盖有神，必逢佳士亦写真。
译文：将军的画精美美在画中有神韵，偶逢真名士才肯为他动笔写真。
注释：盖有神：大概有神明之助，极言曹霸画艺高超。写真：指画肖像。
即今漂泊干戈际，屡貌寻常行路人。
译文：而今你漂泊沦落在战乱的社会，平常所画的却是普通的行路人。
注释：干戈：战争，当指安史之乱。貌：即写真。
途穷反遭俗眼白，世上未有如公贫。
译文：你到晚年反而遭受世俗的白眼，人世间还未有人象你这般赤贫。
但看古来盛名下，终日坎壈缠其身。
译文：只要看看历来那些负盛名的人，最终已经坎坷穷愁纠缠其身了。
注释：坎壈：贫困潦倒。
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王维《
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西施咏》
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李隆基《
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经邹鲁祭孔子而叹之》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。