《河中石兽》翻译及注释
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清代：纪昀
沧州南一寺临河干，山门圮于河，二石兽并沉焉。阅十余岁，僧募金重修，求石兽于水中，竟不可得。以为顺流下矣，棹数小舟，曳铁钯，寻十余里无迹。
译文： 沧州的南面有一座寺庙靠近河岸，庙门倒塌在了河里，两只石兽一起沉没于此。经过十多年，僧人们募集金钱重修（寺庙），便在河中寻找石兽，最后也没找到。僧人们认为石兽顺着水流流到下游了。于是划着几只小船，拖着铁钯，（向下游）寻找了十多里，没有找到石兽的踪迹。
注释： 沧州：地名，今河北省沧州市。临：靠近。也有“面对”之意。河干：河边。（河：指黄河，历史上黄河曾流经沧州。）干，水边，河岸。山门：寺庙的大门。圮：倒塌。并：一起。沉焉：沉没在这条河里。焉，兼词，于此，在那里。阅：过了，经过。十余岁：十多年。岁：年。棹：名词作动词，划船。求石兽于水中：在河中寻找石兽。求，寻找。竟：终于，到底。曳：拖着,牵引。铁钯：农具，用于除草、平土。钯，通“耙”。
一讲学家设帐寺中，闻之笑曰：“尔辈不能究物理，是非木杮，岂能为暴涨携之去？乃石性坚重，沙性松浮，湮于沙上，渐沉渐深耳。沿河求之，不亦颠乎？”众服为确论。
译文： 一位讲学家在寺庙中教书，听说了这件事笑着说：“你们这些人不能推究事物的道理。这（石兽）不是木片，怎么能被暴涨的洪水带走呢？石头的性质坚硬沉重，泥沙的性质松软浮动，石兽埋没在沙上，越沉越深罢了。顺着河流寻找石兽，不是（显得）疯狂了吗？”大家信服地认为（这话）是精当确切的言论。
注释： 设帐：讲学，教书。尔辈不能究物理：你们这些人不能推究事物的道理。尔辈，你们。究，推究。物理，事物的道理、规律。是非木杮：这不是木片。是，这。杮，削下的木片。岂能：怎么能。为：被。暴涨：洪水。暴，突然（急、大）。湮：埋没。颠：通“癫”，疯狂。众服为确论：大家信服地认为（这话）是精当确切的言论。为：（认为）是。
一老河兵闻之，又笑曰：“凡河中失石，当求之于上流。盖石性坚重，沙性松浮，水不能冲石，其反激之力，必于石下迎水处啮沙为坎穴，渐激渐深，至石之半，石必倒掷坎穴中。如是再啮，石又再转。转转不已，遂反溯流逆上矣。求之下流，固颠；求之地中，不更颠乎？”如其言，果得于数里外。然则天下之事，但知其一，不知其二者多矣，可据理臆断欤？(转转一作：再转)
译文： 一位老河兵听说了讲学家的观点，又笑着说：“凡是落入河中的石头，都应当在河的上游寻找它。正因为石头的性质坚硬沉重，沙的性质松软轻浮，水流不能冲走石头，水流反冲的力量，一定在石头下面迎水的地方侵蚀沙子形成坑洞。越激越深，当坑洞延伸到石头底部的一半时，石头必定倾倒在坑洞中。像这样再冲刷，石头又会再次转动，像这样不停地转动，于是反而逆流朝相反方向到上游去了。到河的下游寻找石兽，本来就（显得）很疯狂;在石兽沉没的地方寻找它们，不是（显得）更疯狂了吗？”结果依照他的话去（寻找），果然在上游的几里外寻到了石兽。既然这样，那么天下的事，只知道表面现象，不知道根本道理的情况有很多，难道可以根据某个道理就主观判断吗？
注释： 河兵：指镇守河防的兵。清代设河道总督，辖有专门治河的兵营。盖：因为。啮：本意是“咬”，这里是侵蚀、冲刷的意思。坎穴：坑洞。不已：不停止。已：停止。倒掷：倾倒。如是：像这样。遂：于是。溯流：逆流。固：固然。如：依照，按照。然则：既然这样，那么。但：只，仅仅。据理臆断：根据某个道理就主观判断。臆断，主观地判断。欤：表反问的句末语气词。耳：罢了。其一：表面现象。其二：根本道理。
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苏辙《
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六国论》
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韩愈《
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蓝田县丞厅壁记》
纪昀简介
唐代·纪昀的简介
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纪昀 jǐ yún (1724年6月-- 1805年2月），字晓岚，一字春帆，晚号石云，道号观弈道人。历雍正、乾隆、嘉庆三朝，因其“敏而好学可为文，授之以政无不达”（嘉庆帝御赐碑文），故卒后谥号文达，乡里世称文达公。在文学作品、通俗评论中，常被称为纪晓岚。清乾隆年间的著名学者，政治人物，直隶献县（今中国河北献县）人。官至礼部尚书、协办大学士，曾任《四库全书》总纂修官。代表作品《阅微草堂笔记》。