《赠妇诗三首》翻译及注释
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两汉：秦嘉
秦嘉，字士会，陇西人也。为郡上计。其妻徐淑，寝疾还家，不获面别。赠诗云尔。
人生譬朝露，居世多屯蹇。
译文：人生有如清晨露水，居处世上动辄遭难。
注释：居世：处世生活。屯蹇：《周易》上的两个卦名，都是表示艰难不顺利的意思，所以通常用此语来表示艰难阻滞。
忧艰常早至，欢会常苦晚。
译文：忧患艰险时常降临，欢欣愉悦迟来姗姗。
注释：苦晚：苦于来得太晚。
念当奉时役，去尔日遥远。
译文：顾念即将奉命出差，离开你啊日益遥远。
注释：奉时役：即指被派遣以上计吏入京致事，报告当年人口土地财政刑狱等情况。时：通“是”，就是此。去：离开。尔：你，指徐淑。日：一天一天地。
遣车迎子还，空往复空返。
译文：派遣帷车迎你归来，空空而去空空而返。
注释：子：您，指秦嘉的妻子徐淑。
省书情凄怆，临食不能饭。
译文：见你书信倍感心伤，面对美食不能下咽。
注释：省书：秦嘉派遣车子去接妻子时，曾给徐淑写了一封信，即《与妻徐淑书》。妻子不能回来，也给秦嘉写了一封回信，即《答夫秦嘉书》。省：察看，阅看。书：即指徐淑的《答夫秦嘉书》。凄怆：伤感，悲痛。饭：这里作动词，即吃饭。
独坐空房中，谁与相劝勉？
译文：孤独一人静坐空房，谁能给我安慰宽勉？
注释：劝勉：劝解，勉励。
长夜不能眠，伏枕独辗转。
译文：漫漫长夜难以成眠，独自伏枕翻复辗转。
注释：辗转：屡次翻身，不能入睡。
忧来如循环，匪席不可卷。
译文：忧思无穷循环无尽，苇席可卷我愁难遣。
注释：循环：周而复始，比喻愁思无穷无尽。匪席不可卷：是说席子可以卷起来，但心的忧思不是席子，是无法卷起来的。这是形容自己的忧思不可解脱。
皇灵无私亲，为善荷天禄。
译文：神灵秉公没有偏爱，行善之人承享天福。
注释：皇灵：神灵。荷：担负，承受。荷天禄：享受天赐之福。
伤我与尔身，少小罹茕独。
译文：可叹你我命运不济，从小遭逢凄凉孤独。
注释：少小：指年轻。罹：遭遇。茕独：孤独。茕：孤单，孤独。
既得结大义，欢乐苦不足。
译文：虽然我俩结为夫妻，欢乐太少使人凄楚。
注释：结大义：指结为婚姻。
念当远离别，思念叙款曲。
译文：想起将要长久离别，殷切眷恋倾诉心曲。
注释：念：疑为“今”字之讹。离别：指离家乡赴京师。款曲：衷肠话，知心话。
河广无舟梁，道近隔丘陆。
译文：江河宽阔苦无舟桥，路程虽近为高山隔阻。
注释：道近：是说自己和徐淑所在之地相距道路很近。虽然很近但不能相见，所以说“隔丘陆”。丘：指丘陵；陆：指高平之地。
临路怀惆怅，中驾正踯躅。
译文：临当出发心怀惆怅，行进途中不时停驻。
注释：临路：指起程。惆怅：因失望或失意而哀伤。中驾：指车在途中。踯躅：徘徊不进的样子。
浮云起高山，悲风激深谷。
译文：浮云涌起高耸的山岳，悲风激荡深深的幽谷。
良马不回鞍，轻车不转毂。
译文：良驹驰骋欲马不停蹄，人心留恋而车不转毂。
注释：毂：车轮中心的圆木，周围与车辐的一端相接，中有圆孔，用以插轴。车行则毂转。
针药可屡进，愁思难为数。
译文：针药虽痛苦常能忍耐，最难承受是穷愁无数。
注释：针药：针刺和药物。数：屡次，频繁。
贞士笃终始，恩义不可属。
译文：正士诚笃终始如一，情谊深长连续稳固。
注释：贞士：指言行一致，守志不移的人。笃：敦厚，忠实。恩义：即情谊。不可属：疑为“可不属”。属，同“续”。
肃肃仆夫征，锵锵扬和铃。
译文：仆夫驾车迅捷疾速出发，和铃锵锵扬声鸣响不停。
注释：肃肃：速度很快的样子。仆夫：赶车的人。征：行。锵锵：铃声。和铃：古代系在车前横木上的铃叫和铃。
清晨当引迈，束带待鸡鸣。
译文：清晨将要离别家乡远行，漏夜整装坐以等待天明。
注释：迈：远行，前进。引迈：启程。
顾看空室中，仿佛想姿形。
译文：回首环望寂寞幽静的空室，仿佛想见你的仪容身影。
注释：顾看：回望。仿佛：模糊，看不分明。姿：容貌，姿态。形：形象，形体。
一别怀万恨，起坐为不宁。
译文：此番别离心怀万般遗恨，忽起忽坐心神片刻不宁。
何用叙我心，遗思致款诚。
译文：将用什么来记叙我的心意，留下信物以表白款曲忠诚：
注释：遗思：指写信。秦嘉临出发前，又给妻子徐淑写了一封信，题为《重报妻书》。
宝钗好耀首，明镜可鉴形。
译文：饰玉宝钗可使容颜生辉，无尘明镜可以照鉴我心。
芳香去垢秽，素琴有清声。
译文：纯净芳香能够洁身除秽，悦耳素琴能够奏鸣清音。
注释：素琴：没有装饰的琴。
诗人感木瓜，乃欲答瑶琼。
译文：诗人有感情人所赠木瓜，故想回报琼瑶美丽晶莹。
注释：瑶琼：美玉。诗人：指《木瓜》的作者。
愧彼赠我厚，惭此往物轻。
译文：深切感念你待我情长意厚，惭愧啊回赠礼物价值太轻。
注释：往物：送去的东西。
虽知未足报，贵用叙我情。
译文：虽然知道不足以报答万一，可贵处在于寄达我一片真情。
注释：用：以。这两句是说，虽知我这点微薄的礼物不能报答你对我的深思，但可贵的是可以用它来表达我的一点心意。
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秦嘉《
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赠妇诗三首》
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曹雪芹《
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红豆曲》
秦嘉简介
唐代·秦嘉的简介
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秦嘉，字士会，陇西（治今甘肃通渭）人。东汉诗人。桓帝时，为郡吏，岁终为郡上计簿使赴洛阳，被任为黄门郎。后病死于津乡亭。秦嘉赴洛阳时，妻子徐淑因病还家，未能面别。秦嘉客死他乡后，徐淑兄逼她改嫁。她“毁形不嫁，哀恸伤生”（《史通·人物》），守寡终生。秦嘉、徐淑今存的诗文并收辑于严可均《全上古三代秦汉三国六朝文》、逯钦立《先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗》。