《前出塞九首》翻译及注释
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唐代：杜甫
戚戚去故里，悠悠赴交河。
译文：悲伤凄凉的离开家乡，来到遥远的交河城。
注释：戚戚：愁苦貌。因被迫应往，故心怀戚戚。悠悠：犹漫漫，遥远貌。交河在新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番县，是唐王朝防吐蕃处。
公家有程期，亡命婴祸罗。
译文：衙门有规定的路程期限，否则就得设法逃离触犯法律的责难。
注释：公家：犹官家。有程期，是说赴交河有一定期限。
君已富土境，开边一何多。
译文：您拥有广阔的疆域领土，为什么还要再争夺无度？
弃绝父母恩，吞声行负戈。
译文：辜负父母的养育之恩，暗自悲泣却不敢言，背起兵器踏上征程。
出门日已远，不受徒旅欺。
骨肉恩岂断，男儿死无时。
注释：死无时：是说时时都有死的可能，不一定在战场。正因为死活毫无把握，所以也就顾不得什么骨肉之恩，说得极深刻。
走马脱辔头，手中挑青丝。
注释：走马：即跑马。辔头，当泛指马的络头。脱是去掉不用。青丝：即马缰。挑是信手的挑着。
捷下万仞冈，俯身试搴旗。
注释：捷下：是飞驰而下。搴：拔取。是说从马上俯下身去练习拨旗。
磨刀呜咽水，水赤刃伤手。
注释：呜咽水：指陇头水。
欲轻肠断声，心绪乱已久。
注释：轻：是轻忽只当没听见。肠断声指呜咽的水声。
丈夫誓许国，愤惋复何有！
注释：丈夫：犹言“男儿”、“健儿”或“壮士”，是征夫自谓。誓许国，是说决心把生命献给国家。
功名图麒麟，战骨当速朽。
送徒既有长，远戍亦有身。
注释：送徒有长：是指率领（其实是押解）征夫的头子，刘邦、陈胜都曾做过。远戍：指人说，是征夫自谓。“亦有身”是说我们也有一条命，也是一个人。是反抗和愤恨的话。仇注：“远戍句，此被徒长呵斥而作自怜语。”不对头。
生死向前去，不劳吏怒嗔。
路逢相识人，附书与六亲。
注释：附书：即捎信儿。六亲是父母兄弟妻子。
哀哉两决绝，不复同苦辛。
迢迢万里余，领我赴三军。
注释：迢迢：远貌。
军中异苦乐，主将宁尽闻。
隔河见胡骑，倏忽数百群。
注释：河：即交河。“骑”字照以前的习惯读法，应读作去声，因为这是名词，指骑兵。倏忽：一会儿工夫。
我始为奴仆，几时树功勋。
注释：树：立也。
挽弓当挽强，用箭当用长。
译文：拉弓要拉最坚硬的，射箭要射最长的。
射人先射马，擒贼先擒王。
译文：射人先要射马，擒贼先要擒住他们的首领。
杀人亦有限，列国自有疆。
译文：杀人要有限制，各个国家都有边界。
注释：亦有限：是说也有个限度，有个主从。正承上句意。自有疆：是说总归有个疆界，饶你再开边。和第一首“开边一何多”照应。
苟能制侵陵，岂在多杀伤。
译文：只要能够制止敌人的侵犯就可以了，难道打仗就是为了多杀人吗？
驱马天雨雪，军行入高山。
注释：雨雪：下雪。
径危抱寒石，指落层冰间。
注释：指落：手指被冻落。
已去汉月远，何时筑城还。
注释：汉月：指祖国。
浮云暮南征，可望不可攀。
单于寇我垒，百里风尘昏。
注释：单：音禅。汉时匈奴称其君长曰单于，这里泛指边疆少数民族君长。
雄剑四五动，彼军为我奔。
注释：四五动：是说没费多大气力。奔：是奔北，即吃了败仗。
掳其名王归，系颈授辕门。
注释：名王：如匈奴的左贤王、右贤王。这里泛指贵人。正是所谓“擒贼先擒王”。辕门：军门。
潜身备行列，一胜何足论。
从军十年余，能无分寸功。
译文：我从军十多年了，难道没有一点点的功劳？
注释：能无：犹“岂无”、“宁无”，但含有估计的意味，分寸功，极谦言功小。观从军十年馀，可知“府兵制”这时已完全破坏。
众人贵苟得，欲语羞雷同。
译文：一般将士看重争功贪赏，我想说一下自己的功劳但羞于与他们同调。
中原有斗争，况在狄与戎。
译文：中原尚且有斗争，何况边疆地区呢？
丈夫四方志，安可辞固穷。
译文：大丈夫志在四方，又哪能怕吃苦？
注释：众人：指一般将士。苟得，指争功贪赏。
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姜夔《
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鹧鸪天·正月十一日观灯》
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柳宗元《
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种白蘘荷》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。