《商颂·长发》翻译及注释
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两汉：佚名
濬哲维商，长发其祥。洪水芒芒，禹敷下土方。外大国是疆，幅陨既长。有娀方将，帝立子生商。
译文：深远又智慧的我大国殷商，永远发散无尽的福祉瑞祥。遥想那洪荒时代洪水茫茫，大禹治水施政于天下四方。他以周边各诸侯国为疆域，扩张的天下幅员辽阔之极。有娀氏族部落正在崛起时，禹王立有娀氏为妃生下契。
注释：长：长久。发：兴发。濬哲：明智。濬，“睿”的假借。商：指商的始祖。祥：福祥。芒芒：茫茫，水盛貌。敷：治。下土方：“下土四方”的省文。外大国：外谓邦畿之外，大国指远方诸侯国。疆：疆土。句意为远方的方国都归入疆土。辐陨：幅员。长：广。有娀：古国名。这里指有娀氏之女，古时妇女系姓，姓氏无考，以国号称之。将：壮，大。
玄王桓拨，受小国是达，受大国是达。率履不越，遂视既发。相土烈烈。海外有截。
译文：先祖契号称玄王英姿天纵，授封他小国治得政通人和，授封他大国也能人和政通。他循礼守法从不逾越规矩，因此在群众中能得到响应。后继者相土也是极为英武，诸侯纷纷归其麾下呈一统。
注释：玄王：商契。桓拨：威武刚毅。达：开，通。受小国、大国是达，二句疏释多歧。郑笺：“玄王广大其政治，始尧封之商为小国，舜之末年乃益其地为大国，皆能达其教令。”率履：遵循礼法。履，“礼”的假借。遂视既发：视，巡视；发，施。旧解多歧。相土：人名，契的孙子。契生昭明，昭明生相土，是商的先王先公之一。烈烈：威武貌。海外：四海之外，泛言边远之地。有截：截截，整齐划一。
帝命不违，至于汤齐。汤降不迟，圣敬日跻。昭假迟迟，上帝是祗，帝命式于九围。
译文：正是因为我殷商不违天命，商才发展到汤这一代大兴。我祖汤王的诞生正应天时，他的圣明庄敬一天天提升。商汤光昭于上天久而不息，从来都是唯上天是尊是敬，上天授他管理九州的使命。
注释：汤：成汤，帝号天乙，商王朝的建立者，他以武力推翻夏桀的统治，建立商王朝。齐：齐一，一样。降：降生。跻：升。昭假：向神祷告，表明诚敬之心。迟迟：久久不息。祗：敬。式：法，执法。九围：九州。
受小球大球，为下国缀旒，何天之休。不竞不絿，不刚不柔。敷政优优，百禄是遒。
译文：得授镇圭大圭等执政之宝，为天下诸侯树起伟大旗帜。多多承蒙上天的善意照拂，他既不争竞也不过于松弛，不过于刚硬也不过于柔和。施政理念始终是从容宽裕，因此无尽福禄降到他身躯。
注释：球：一说球为玉器．小者尺二寸，大者三尺；一说通“捄”，训“法”。兹取前一说。下国：下面的诸侯方国。缀旒：表率、法则。何：同“荷”，承受。休：“庥”的假借，庇荫。絿：急。优优：温和宽厚。遒：聚。
受小共大共，为下国骏厖。何天之龙，敷奏其勇。不震不动，不戁不竦，百禄是总。
译文：得授小珙大珙等执政之璧，为天下诸侯当好领头骏马。多多承蒙上天的恩宠关爱，他奋马扬鞭上阵英勇冲杀。不为强敌所震也不被吓倒，因为他既不怯懦也不惧怕，无尽的福禄都往他身上加。
注释：共：历代训释不一，一说通“珙”，璧；一说通“拱”，法；一说通“供”，为祭名或祭物，均可通。骏厖：骏，大。龙：“宠”的假借，恩宠。敷奏：施展。不震不动：郑笺：“不可惊惮也。”戁、竦：恐惧。总：聚。
武王载旆，有虔秉钺。如火烈烈，则莫我敢曷(è)。苞有三蘖，莫遂莫达。九有有截，韦顾既伐，昆吾夏桀。
译文：汤王乘坐的兵车战旗烈烈，他诚敬地持着讨逆的权杖。冲锋陷阵的大军勇猛如火，没有谁敢把我的攻势阻挡。一丛竹根可生出三棵嫩芽，决不能让他出土让他成长！九州天下要想实现大一统，就要先去讨伐韦国和顾国，再去讨伐昆吾国和夏桀王！
注释：武王：成汤之号。载：始。旆：旌旗，此作动词。有虔：威武貌。秉钺：执持长柄大斧。钺是青铜制大斧，国王近卫军的兵器，国王亲征秉钺。曷：通“遏”，阻挡。苞有三蘖：苞，本，指树于；蘖，旁生的枝桠嫩芽。遂：草木生长之称。达：苗生出土之称。九有：九州。截：整齐。韦：国名，在今河南滑县东，夏桀的与国。顾：国名，在今山东鄄城东北，夏桀的与国。昆吾：国名，夏桀的与国，与韦、顾共为夏王朝东部屏障。据史实，成汤先将韦、顾、昆吾分割包围，先歼灭左边的韦，再歼灭右边的顾。然后两面夹击昆吾，最后伐孤立之桀，决战于鸣条（今河南封丘县东）之野，消灭了夏桀的主力。
昔在中叶，有震且业。允也天子，降予卿士。实维阿衡，实左右商王。
译文：过去在我殷商中世的时候，国家一度深陷于危难之中。实在是我们天子圣明诚敬，把治国重任交给伊尹爱卿。伊尹确实配得上阿衡职位，确实起了辅佐商王的作用。
注释：中叶：中世。商朝立国从契始，到十世成汤建立王朝，从开国历史年代说正值中世。震：威力。业：功业。允：信然。降：天降。实维：是为。阿衡：即伊尹，辅佐成汤征服天下建立商王朝的大臣。他原来是一个奴隶，成汤发现他的才干，破格重用。左右：在王左右辅佐。
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佚名《
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周颂·清庙》
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佚名《
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商颂·殷武》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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