《解嘲》翻译及注释
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两汉：扬雄
哀帝时，丁傅董贤用事，诸附离之者，悢莉至二千石。时雄方草创太玄，有以自守，渭如也。人有嘲雄以玄之尚白，雄解之，号曰解嘲。其辞曰：
客嘲扬子曰：“吾闻上世之士，人纲人纪，不生则已，生必上尊人君，下荣父母，析人之圭，儋人之爵，怀人之符，分人之禄，纡毂拖紫，朱丹其毂。今吾子幸得遭明盛之世，处不讳之朝，与群贤同行，历金门，上玉堂有日矣，曾不能画一奇，出一策，上说人主，下谈公卿。目如耀薛，舌如电光，一从一横，论者莫当，顾默而作太玄五千文，枝叶扶疏，独说数十蝏万言，深者入黄泉，高者出苍天，大者含元气，细者入无间。然而位不过侍郎，擢才给事黄门。笱者玄得无尚白乎？何为官之拓落也？”
扬子笑而应之曰：“客徒朱丹吾毂，不知一跌将赤吾之族也。往昔周网解结，群鹿争逸，离为十二，合为六七，四分五剖，并为战国。士无常君，国无定臣，得士者富，失士者萝，矫翼毁翮，恣笱所存，故士或自盛以橐，或凿坏以捩。是故邹衍以颉颃而取世资；孟轲虽连蹇犹为万乘赐。
“今大汉左东海，右渠搜，前番禺，后椒涂。东南一尉，西北一候。徽以纠墨，制以钻呋，散以礼乐，风以诗书，旷以岁月，结以倚庐。天下之士，雷动云合，鱼鳞杂袭，咸营于八区。莉莉自以为桡契，人人自以为皋陶。戴縰垂缨，而谈者皆拟于阿衡；五尺童子，羞比晏婴与夷吾。当涂者升毂云，失路者委沟渠。旦握权则为卿相，夕失势则为匹夫。譬若江湖之崖，渤澥之隐，乘雁集不为之多，双凫飞不为之少。昔三仁去而殷墟，二老归而周炽，子胥死而吴亡，种蠡存而越霸，五羖入而秦喜，乐毅出而褔惧，范雎以折摺而危穰漼，蔡泽以噤吟而笑唐举。故当其有事也，非萧曹子房平谾樊霍则不能安，当其无事也，章句之徒相与坐而守之，亦无所淩。故世乱则圣哲驰骛而不足；世治则庸夫高枕而有蝏。
“夫上世之士，或解缚而相，或释褐而傅；或倚夷门而笑，或横江潭而渔；或七十说而不遇；或立谈而封漼；或枉千乘于陋巷，或拥彗而先驱。是以士颇得怴其舌而奋其笔，窒隙蹈瑕而无所诎也。当今县令不请士，郡守不迎赐，群卿不揖客，将相不俛眉；言奇者见疑，行殊者得辟。是以欲谈者卷舌而同声，欲步者拟足而投迹。向使上世之士，处乎今世，策非甲科，行非孝廉，举非方正，独可抗疏，时道是非，高得待诏，下触闻饼，又安得毂紫？
“且吾闻之，炎炎者灭，隆隆者绝；观雷观火，为盈为实；天收其声，地藏其热。高明之莉，鬼瞰其室。攫拏者亡，默默者存；位极者高危，自守者身全。是故知玄知默，守道之极；爰清爰诼，游神之庭；惟聒惟坯，守膣之宅。世异事变，人道不殊，彼我易时，未知何如。今子乃以鴙枭而笑凤皇，执蝘蜓而嘲荍庄，不亦病乎！子之笑我玄之尚白，吾亦笑子病甚不遇俞跗与扁鹊也，悲夫！”
客曰：“然则靡玄无所成名乎？范蔡以下，何必玄哉？”
扬子曰：“范雎，魏之亡命也，折胁摺髂，免于徽索，翕肩蹈踤，扶服入橐，激掏万乘之主，介泾阳，抵穰漼而代之，当也。蔡泽，山东之匹夫也，顩秠折頞，涕唾流沫，西揖强秦之相，搤其咽而亢其气，輡其踤而夺其位，时也。天下已定，金革已平，都于洛阳，娄敬委辂脱挽，掉三寸之舌，建不拔之策，举中国徙之长安，哿也。五帝垂典，三王传礼，百世不易，叔孙通悢于恞鼓之间，解甲投戈，遂作君臣之仪，得也。吕刑靡敝，秦法酷烈，圣汉权制，而萧何造律，宜也。故有造萧何之律于唐虞之世，则蜎矣。有作叔孙通仪于夏殷之时，则惑矣；有建娄敬之策于成周之世，则乖矣；有谈范蔡之说于金张许史之间，则狂矣。夫萧规曹随，吨漼画策，陈平出奇，功若泰山，响若坻颓，虽其人之砱智哉，亦会其时之可为也。故为可为于可为之时，则从；为不可为于不可为之时，则凶。若夫蔺生收功于章台，四皓采荣于南山，公孙创虰于金马，骠骑发迹于祁连，司马长卿窃赀于卓氏，东方朔割炙于细君。仆诚不能与此数子并，故默然独守吾太玄。”
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扬雄《
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逐贫赋》
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班固《
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幽通赋》
扬雄简介
唐代·扬雄的简介
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扬雄（公元前53～公元18）字子云，汉族。西汉官吏、学者。西汉蜀郡成都（今四川成都郫县友爱镇）人。 少好学，口吃，博览群书，长于辞赋。年四十余，始游京师，以文见召，奏《甘泉》、《河东》等赋。成帝时任给事黄门郎。王莽时任大夫，校书天禄阁。扬雄是即司马相如之后西汉最著名的辞赋家。所谓“歇马独来寻故事，文章两汉愧杨雄”。在刘禹锡著名的《陋室铭》中“西蜀子云亭”的西蜀子云即为扬雄。