《述行赋》翻译及注释
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两汉：蔡邕
延熹二年秋，霖雨逾月。是时梁冀新诛，而徐璜、左悺等五侯擅贵于其处。又起显阳苑于城西，人徒冻饿，不得其命者甚众。白马令李云以直言死，鸿胪陈君以救云抵罪。璜以余能鼓琴，白朝廷，敕陈留太守发遣余。到偃师，病不前，得归。心愤此事，遂托所过，述而成赋。
译文： 延熹二年的秋天，连阴雨下了一个多月。当时梁冀刚刚被杀死，而徐璜、左悺等五侯占有了他的华贵住所，接着又在洛阳城西修建显阳宫苑。被拉去修宫苑的百姓，因为劳累冻饿而死的人很多。白马县令李云因为上书说真话被杀死，大鸿胪陈蕃也因为营救李云被治了罪。徐璜把我会弹琴的事禀报朝廷，皇帝下诏让陈留太守打发我出发去京城。我走到偃师，生了病不能前进，又回来。心里对这件事愤愤不平，于是就记述我经过的地方，写成了这篇赋。
注释： 延熹：东汉桓帝刘志年号（公元年-年）。延熹二年，指公元年。霖雨：连阴雨，久下不停的雨。逾月：超过了一个月。梁冀：安定乌氏（今甘肃平凉）人，汉顺帝梁皇后、汉桓帝梁皇后之兄，继其父梁商为大将军，专断朝政近二十年，骄奢横暴。顺帝死，与妹梁太后谋立汉冲帝、汉质帝、汉桓帝，质帝只说了他一句“跋扈将军”，就把质帝活活毒死。梁太后、梁皇后先后死后，桓帝与宦官单超、具瑗、唐衡、左悺和徐璜等合谋杀之。五侯：指单超、具瑗、唐衡、左悺和徐璜，皆桓帝所宠信的宦官，因他们五人同日封侯，史称“五侯”。于其处：意指五侯接替梁冀，同样专权恃宠。起：造。显阳苑：宫苑名称。不得其命：死于非命，指被征调修筑显阳苑的百姓多因冻饿、劳累而死。白马：汉县名，治所在今河南花县东北。李云：字行祖，甘陵人，因上书指责宦官单超等无功不得封侯，被桓帝和宦官杀害。鸿胪：即大鸿胪，汉朝掌管朝祭礼仪的官职。陈君：指陈蕃，字仲举，以反对宦官著称。桓帝时官至太尉，灵帝时为太傅，与外戚窦武谋杀宦官，事败被杀。抵罪：治罪。璜：指徐璜。白：报告。敕：皇帝的诏书、命令。陈留：郡名，治所在今河南开封市东南，为蔡邕的本籍。发遣：派遣。偃师：县名，在今河南西南部，洛阳市之东。病不前：因病不能前行。其实，偃师距东汉国都洛阳近，回陈留远，病不前乃其托词。《后汉书》本传亦说：“（蔡）邕不得已，行至偃师，称疾而归。”愤：愤恨、愤慨。托：寄托、依据。过：经历。
余有行于京洛兮，遘淫雨之经时。涂迍邅其蹇连兮，潦污滞而为灾。乘马蟠而不进兮，心郁悒而愤思。聊弘虑以存古兮，宣幽情而属词。
译文： 我行走在去京城洛阳的路上啊，正赶上阴雨绵绵的时候，路上的处境艰难连着困苦啊，雨水积聚起来简直成了灾祸，驾车的马停住脚不肯向前走啊，心中的苦闷激起了我深深的思绪。暂且打开思路想想古代的事情吧，为宣泄我深远的感情提笔作文。
注释： 京洛：东汉建都洛阳，故称京洛。遘：遭遇。淫雨：久雨。经时：历时很久。迍邅：处境苦难，停滞难行。蹇连：不顺利。潦污：积水。滞：积留。蟠：盘旋不走。郁悒：愁闷，心情不畅。愤思：内心愤愤不平。聊：姑且。弘虑：打开思路。存古：怀念古昔。宣：抒发、宣泄。幽情：幽深的思绪。属词：作文。
夕宿余于大梁兮，诮无忌之称神。哀晋鄙之无辜兮，忿朱亥之篡军。历中牟之旧城兮，憎佛肸之不臣。问宁越之裔胄兮，藐髣髴而无闻。
译文： 夜晚我住宿在魏国的大梁啊，真要讥笑魏无忌的被人们称颂。可怜大将晋鄙无辜被杀死啊，无情的朱亥夺取了晋鄙的军权。经过中牟这个古老的城邑，我憎恨佛肸这个不义的小臣，请问宁越的后代你在哪里啊，好像很遥远听不到一点音信。
注释： 大梁：战国时魏国的都城，在今河南开封市西北。诮：责备。无忌：魏公子无忌，号信陵君，以善养士、解赵危而闻名于当时。称神：被推崇。哀：哀伤、可怜。晋鄙：魏将。《史记·信陵君列传》记载，公元前年，秦军围赵，危在旦夕。赵求救于魏，魏王派将军晋鄙救助，晋鄙将兵持重，畏秦不敢进兵。赵平原君赵胜又求救于无忌。无忌听侯嬴计，窃得魏王兵符，并由勇士朱亥椎杀晋鄙，夺得兵权，兵从而击退了秦军。作者认为此属违道，不加赞赏。无辜：无罪。忿：怨愤。篡军：篡夺军权。历：经过。中牟：县名，在今河南中某县境内。佛肸：春秋晋国赵简子的家臣，曾为中牟宰，后据中牟以叛赵氏，曾邀孔子参名，孔子欲往，被学生劝阻，见《论语·阳货》。不臣：指背叛赵氏。宁越：战国时赵人，原为中牟农民，因刻苦好学，得到人们的赞誉。别人说他三十年可以学成，他却十五年即已学成，后成为周威王的师傅。裔胄：后代。藐：遥远。髣髴：模糊不清。闻：传说，传闻。
经圃田而瞰北境兮，晤卫康之封疆。迄管邑而增感叹兮，愠叔氏之启商。过汉祖之所隘兮，吊纪信于荥阳。
译文： 经过圃田站在高处望北方啊，我知道这是卫康叔当时的封地！到管叔的领地我又增加了感慨啊，我憎恨管叔、蔡叔这些引商反周的叛逆。经过汉高祖受困的地方啊，我在荥阳怀念纪信的英魂。
注释： 圃田：泽薮名，其遗址在今中某县境内。《周礼》：“河南曰豫州，其薮泽曰圃田。”据《左传》记载，圃田之北境是卫康叔的分地。瞰：站在高处往下看。晤：面对。卫康：即卫康叔，名封，周武王同母弟，卫国的始封国君。迄：到。管邑：又称管城，在今河南郑州市附近。周武王灭商后，封其胞弟管叔鲜于管，蔡叔度于蔡，霍叔处于霍，殷纣王之子武庚（禄父）于商，共同安抚殷商遗民。管、蔡、霍称为三叔，亦称三监，有监护武庚的意思。周武王死，周成王年幼继位，周公旦摄政，三叔乘机制造流言，并联合武庚谋反叛乱，后被周公诛灭。愠：恨。叔氏：指三叔。启商：指引导商人反周。汉祖：汉高祖刘邦。隘：遭到困厄的地方。公元前年月楚汉相争中，刘邦被项羽困于荥阳，形势十分危机，将军纪信伪装刘邦出降，刘邦乘机逃出，以后逐步转败为胜，详见《史记·高祖本纪》。荥阳：今河南荥阳县西南。
降虎牢之曲阴兮，路丘墟以盘萦。勤诸侯之远戍兮，侈申子之美城。稔涛涂之愎恶兮，陷夫人以大名。登长坂以凌高兮，陟葱山之峣陉；建抚体以立洪高兮，经万世而不倾。回峭峻以降阻兮，小阜寥其异形。冈岑纡以连属兮，溪谷夐其杳冥。迫嵯峨以乖邪兮，廓严壑以峥嵘。攒棫朴而杂榛楛兮，被浣濯而罗生。步亹菼与台菌兮，缘层崖而结茎。行游目以南望兮，览太室之威灵。顾大河于北垠兮，瞰洛汭之始并。追刘定之攸仪兮，美伯禹之所营。悼太康之失位兮，愍五子之歌声。
译文：勤诸侯之远戍兮，侈子之美城。
寻修轨以增举兮，邈悠悠之未央。山风汩以飙涌兮，气懆懆而厉凉。云郁术而四塞兮，雨濛濛而渐唐。仆夫疲而劬瘁兮，我马虺隤以玄黄。格莽丘而税驾兮，阴曀曀而不阳。
哀衰周之多故兮，眺濒隈而增感。忿子带之淫逆兮，唁襄王于坛坎。悲宠嬖之为梗兮，心恻怆而怀惨。
乘舫州而泝湍流兮，浮清波以横厉。想宓妃之灵光兮，神幽隐以潜翳。实熊耳之泉液兮，总伊瀍与涧濑。通渠源于京城兮，引职贡乎荒裔。操吴榜其万艘兮，充王府而纳最。济西溪而容与兮，息巩都而后逝。愍简公之失师兮，疾子朝之为害。
玄云黯以凝结兮，集零雨之溱溱。路阻败而无轨兮，涂泞溺而难遵。率陵阿以登降兮，赴偃师而释勤。壮田横之奉首兮，义二士之侠坟。伫淹留以候霁兮，感忧心之殷殷。并日夜而遥思兮，宵不寐以极晨。候风云之体势兮，天牢湍而无文。弥信宿而后阕兮，思逶迤以东运。见阳光之颢颢兮，怀少弭而有欣。
命仆夫其就驾兮，吾将往乎京邑。皇家赫而天居兮，万方徂而星集。贵宠煽以弥炽兮，佥守利而不戢。前车覆而未远兮，后乘驱而竞及。穷变巧于台榭兮，民露处而寝洷。消嘉谷于禽兽兮，下糠粃而无粒。弘宽裕于便辟兮，纠忠谏其骎急。怀伊吕而黜逐兮，道无因而获人。唐虞渺其既远兮，常俗生于积习。周道鞠为茂草兮，哀正路之日歰。
观风化之得失兮，犹纷挐其多远。无亮采以匡世兮，亦何为乎此畿？甘衡门以宁神兮，咏都人而思归。爰结踪而回轨兮，复邦族以自绥。
译文：步虋菼与台菌兮，缘层崖而结茎。
乱曰：跋涉遐路，艰以阻兮。终其永怀，窘阴雨兮。历观群都，寻前绪兮。考之旧闻，厥事举兮。登高斯赋，义有取兮。则善戒恶，岂云苟兮？翩翩独征，无俦与兮。言旋言复，我心胥兮。
注释：步虋(mén)菼(tǎn)与台菌兮，缘层崖而结茎。
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班彪《
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北征赋》
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高启《
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游灵岩记》
蔡邕简介
唐代·蔡邕的简介
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蔡邕（公元133年-公元192年），字伯喈，陈留圉（今河南省开封市陈留镇）人，东汉文学家、书法家。权臣董卓当政时拜左中郎将，故后人也称他“蔡中郎”。后汉三国时期著名才女·蔡琰（蔡文姬）之父。