《伤愚溪三首》翻译及注释
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唐代：刘禹锡
故人柳子厚之谪永州，得胜地，结茅树蔬，为沼沚，为台榭，目曰愚溪。柳子没三年，有僧游零陵，告余曰：“愚溪无复曩时矣！”一闻僧言，悲不能自胜，遂以所闻为七言以寄恨。
译文：我的老朋友柳宗元谪居永州，得了一块好地方，在那里建造房屋，种植蔬菜，筑造了池塘小洲，建起了亭台楼榭，命名为愚溪。柳子死后三年，有一个僧人云游零陵，告诉我说：“愚溪再也不像从前的样子了。”一听到僧人这话，我无法抑制自己的悲痛，就把听到的情况写成七言诗，以表哀悼。
注释：愚溪：原名冉溪，柳宗元谪居永州（治今湖南零陵）时更名为“愚溪”。柳子厚：即柳宗元，子厚是柳宗元的字。谪：指官吏降级，调往边远地方。结茅树蔬：建造茅屋，种植蔬菜。为：筑造。沼：小池塘。沚：水中的小洲。目曰愚溪：取名叫愚溪。无复曩时：不如过去。曩，从前的，过去的。胜：禁得起。恨：憾。这里指伤悼之意。
溪水悠悠春自来，草堂无主燕飞回。
译文：溪水悠悠地流着，春天自然来了，草堂已经没有主人，燕子还是飞回。
注释：悠悠：悠闲自在。草堂无主：指柳宗元已去世。
隔帘唯见中庭草，一树山榴依旧开。
译文：隔着帘子，只看到庭中长满野草，那一树山榴花，依旧烂熳地盛开。
注释：中庭：庭中。山榴：山石榴，又名杜鹃花、映山红。
草圣数行留坏壁，木奴千树属邻家。
译文：草圣似的几行草书还留在断墙残壁上，当年手植的千株柑树已经属于邻家。
注释：草圣：东汉张芝善草书，人称”草圣“。此处指柳宗元的墨迹，柳宗元是书法家，善章草。木奴：柑橘树的别称。
唯见里门通德榜，残阳寂寞出樵车。
译文：只看见里门上仍是当年那块通德匾，但是只有柴车寂寞地出入在斜阳下。
注释：里门通德榜：东汉孔融为北海相，十分敬仰郑玄，命高密县为他专门设郑公乡，并将里巷的大门修得很高，使得较高的车马也能通过，号为通德门。此喻指柳宗元故居里门。樵车：柴车。
柳门竹巷依依在，野草青苔日日多。
译文：当年的柴门和竹篱还依依存在，野草和青苔却一天天增多。
纵有邻人解吹笛，山阳旧侣更谁过？
译文：现在纵使邻居有人懂得吹笛，但老朋友谁能在从这里经过？
注释：山阳：汉代县名，在今太行山之南。东汉建安二十五年（220年），曹丕废汉献帝为山阳公，即在此地。
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叶梦得《
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贺新郎·睡起流莺语》
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厉鹗《
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齐天乐·吴山望隔江霁雪》
刘禹锡简介
唐代·刘禹锡的简介
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刘禹锡（772－842），字梦得，汉族，中国唐朝彭城（今徐州）人，祖籍洛阳，唐朝文学家，哲学家，自称是汉中山靖王后裔，曾任监察御史，是王叔文政治改革集团的一员。唐代中晚期著名诗人，有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马（今湖南常德）。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。