
导读:It was my birthday yesterdayI got a lot of giftsAll of them were covered with coloured paperAmong them there were two in
It was my birthday yesterdayI got a lot of giftsAll of them were covered with coloured paperAmong them there were two interesting ones
My elder sister gave me a round paper bag and I thought it was a footballBUt when I opened it,it turned out to be a clockMy brother gave me a message,saying that "My present has been put in your bedroom"As soon as I went into my bedroom,I found a boxI opened it and found a laptopI was very happy
These two presents aim to let me study hard and not to waste time
昨
天是我的生日,我收到了很多礼物它们用彩纸包着,其中有两件有趣的东西
我姐姐送了我一个圆纸包,开始我认为是个足球,但打开后才发现是一个闹钟我哥给我留了张条,告诉我:“我的礼物已经放在你的卧室里了”我走进卧室,发现一个盒子我打开了它,里面是一台笔记本电脑我非常高兴
这两件礼物是为了让我好好学习,抓紧时间
答案是肯定的。在孩子的节日给孩子买礼物,这非常正常。就是在礼物的选择上要慎重。
1可以选择有激励意义的图书。选择风趣幽默,比较有吸引力,孩子爱读的图书,这样就可以培养孩子的兴趣爱好,还能给孩子正方向的引导,养成读书的好习惯,为未来铺路。
2亲手做的礼物。不管是爱心食品还是手工,重点体现在心意上,而且不浪费金钱,不会给孩子错误的价值观的引导,还可以让孩子帮助自己,这样比较有意义,也容易形成正能量的导向。
3平时想买,因为种种原因推迟的东西。这个东西是有用的,因为资金方面的原因一直未能实现选择,在这个特殊的节日为孩子实现这个愿望,还自己收获了节日的快乐,也能明白生活的艰辛。
4生活需要仪式感。生活是需要惊喜的。所以我们一年中有好多节日应该贴合节日的氛围去庆祝,既能联络家庭成员的情感,也容易留下美好的回忆。孩子的童年非常重要,对孩子未来的性格,价值观都有非常大的影响,在属于孩子的节日里,给孩子最大的包容,理解和关爱,送礼物就是其中一种方式,应该提倡。
贺卡祝词表达了孩子的心愿老师您辛苦了
明天教师节和孩子一起做一个彩虹教师节贺卡送给敬爱的老师吧
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幼儿园快放假了教孩子做个贺卡赠送给同学和老师吧
孩子们还准备了亲手制作的小贺卡
迎新年送祝福记一4班制作元旦小贺卡 写美篇 为了培养孩子们
杭小朋友送给老师的贺卡祝老师元旦快乐小小礼物小小心意谢谢孩子
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Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to people in the West The dates for this annual celebration are determined by the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar, so the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February
To the ordinary Chinese, the festival actually begins on the eve of the lunar New Year's Day and ends on the fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar But the 15th of the first month, which normally is called the Lantern Festival, means the official end of the Spring Festival in many parts of the country
Preparations for the New Year begin the last few days of the last moon, when houses are thoroughly cleaned, debts repaid, hair cut and new clothes purchased Houses are festooned with paper scrolls bearing auspicious antithetical couplet (as show on both side of the page) and in many homes, people burn incense at home and in the temples to pay respects to ancestors and ask the gods for good health in the coming months
"Guo Nian," meaning "passing the year," is the common term among the Chinese people for celebrating the Spring Festival It actually means greeting the new year At midnight at the turn of the old and new year, people used to let off fire-crackers which serve to drive away the evil spirits and to greet the arrival of the new year In an instant the whole city would be engulfed in the deafening noise of the firecrackers
On New Year's Eve, all the members of families come together to feast Jiaozi, a steamed dumpling as pictured below, is popular in the north, while southerners favor a sticky sweet glutinous rice pudding called nian gao
"CHRISTMAS (ie the Mass of Christ), in the Christian Church, the festival of the nativity of Jesus Christ The history of this feast coheres so closley with that of Epiphany (qv), that what follows must be read in connexion with the article under that heading
The earliest body of gospel tradition, represented by Mark no less than by the primitive non-Marcan document embodied in the first and third gospels, begins, not with the birth and childhood of Jesus, but with his baptism; and this order of accretion of gospel matter is faithfully reflected in the time order of the invention of feasts The great church adopted Christmas much later than Epiphany; and before the 5th cntury there was no general consensus of opinion as to when it should come in the calendar, whether on the 6th of January, or the 25th of March, or the 25th of December
The earliest identification of the 25th of December with the birthday of Christ is in a passage otherwise unknown and probably spurious, of Theophilus of Antioch (AD 171-183), preserved in Latin by the Magdeburg centuriators (i3, 118), to the effect that the Gauls contended that as they celebrated the birth of the Lord on the 25th of December, whatever day of the week it might be, so they ought to celebrate the Pascha on the 25th of March when the resurrection befell
The next mention of the 25th of December is in Hippolytus' (c 202) commentary on Daniel iv23 Jesus, he says, was born at Bethlehem on the 25th of December, a Wednesday, in the forty-second year of Augustus This passage also is almost certainly interpolated In any case he mentions no feat, nor was such a feast congruous with the orthodox ideas of that age As late as 245 Origen, in his eighth homily on Leviticus, repudiates as sinful the very idea of keeping the birthday of Christ "as if he were a king Pharoah" The first certain mention of Dec 25 is in a Latin chronographer of AD 354, first published entire by Mommsen [1--In the _Abhandlungen der sachsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften_ (1895) Note that in AD 1, Dec 25 was a Sunday and not a Friday] It runs thus in English:
"Year 1 after Christ, in the consulate of Caesar and Paulus, the Lord Jesus Christ was born on the 25th of December, a Friday and 15th day of the new moon" Here again no festal celebration of the day is attested
There were, however many speculations in the 2nd century about the date of Christ's birth Clement of Alexandria, towards its close, mentions several such, and condemns them as superstitions Some chronologists, he says, alleged the birth to have occurred in the twenty-eighth year of Augustus, on the 25th of Pachon, the Egyptian month, ie the 20th of May These were probably the Basilidian gnostics Others set it on the 24th or 25th of Pharmuthi, ie, the 19th or 20th of April Clement himself sets it on the 17th of November, 3 BC The author of a Latin tract, called the _De Pascha computus_, written in Africa in 243, sets it by private revelation, _ab ipso deo inspirati_, on the 28th of March He argues that the world was created perfect, flowers in bloom, and trees in leaf, therefore in spring; also at the equinox, and when the moon just created was full Now the moon and sun were created on a Wednesday The 28th of March suits all these considerations Christ, therefore, being the Sun of Righteousness, was born on the 28th of March
The same symbolical reasoning led Polycarp [2--In a fragment preserved by an Armenian writer, Ananias of Shirak] (before 160) to set his birth on Sunday, when the world's creation began, but his baptism on Wednesday, for it was the analogue of the sun's creation On such grounds certain Latins as early as 354 may have transferred the human birthday from the 6th of January to the 25th of December, which was then a Mithraic feast and is by the chronographer above referred to, but in another part of his compilation, termed _Natilis invicti solis_, or birthday of the unconquered Sun Cyprian (_de orat dem_ 35) calls Christ _Sol verus_, Ambrose _Sol novus noster_ (Sermo vii 13), and such rhetoric was widespread
The Syrians and Armenians, who clung to the 6th of January, accused the Romans of sun-worship and idolatry, contending with great probability that the feast of the 25th of December had been invented by disciples of Cerinthus and its lections by Artemon to commemorate the _natural_ birth of Jesus Chrysostom also testifies the 25th of December to have been from the beginning known in the West, from Thrace even as far as Gades Ambrose, _On Virgins_, iii ch 1, writing to his sister, implies that as late as the papacy of Liberius 352-356, the Birth from the Virgin was feasted together with the Marriage of Cana and the Banquet of the 4000 (Luke ix13), which were never feasted on any other day but Jan 6
Chrysostom, in a seermon preached at Antioch on Dec 20, 386 or 388, says that some held the feast of Dec 25 to have been held in the West, from Thrace as far as Cadiz, from the beginning It certainly originated in the West, but spread quickly eastwards In 353-361 it was observed at the court of Constantius Basil of Caesarea (died 379) adopted it Honorius, emperor (395-423) in the West, informed his mother and brother Arcadius (395-408) in Byzantium of how the new feast was kept in Rome, separate from the 6th of January, with its own _troparia_ and _sticharia_
They adopted it, and recommended it to Chryostom, who had long been in favour of it, as were the other three patriarchs, Theophilus of Alexandria, John of Jerusalem, and Flavian of Antioch This was under Pope Anastasius, 398-400 John or Wahan of Nice, in a letter printed by Combefis in his _Historia monothelitarum_, affords the above details The new feast was communicated by Proclus, patriarch of Constantinople (434-446), to Sahak, Catholicos of Armenia, about 440 The letter was betrayed to the Persian king, who accused Sahak of Greek intrigues, and deposed him However, the Armenians, at least those within the Byzantine pale, adopted it for about thirty years, but finally abandoned it together with the decrees of Chalcedon early in the 8th century
Many writers of the period 375-450, eg Epiphanius, Cassian, Asterius, Basil, Chrysostom and Jerome, contrast the new feast with that of the Baptism as that of the birth _after the flesh_, from which we infer that the latter was generally regarded as a birth according to the Spirit Instructive as showing that the new feast travelled from West eastwards is the fact (noticed by Usener) that in 387 the new feast was reckoned according to the Julian calandar by writers of the province of Asia, who in referring to other feasts use the reckoning of their local calendars As early as 400 in Rome an imperial rescript includes Christmas among the three feasts (the others are Easter and Epiphany) on which theatres must be closed Epiphany and Christmas were not made judicial _sine dies_ until 534
For some years in the West (as late as 353 in Rome) the birth feast was appended to the baptismal feast on the 6th of January, and in Jerusalem it altogether supplanted it from almost 360 to 440, when Bishop Juvenal introduced the feast of the 25th of December The new feast was about the same time (440) finally established in Alexandria The _quadregesima_ of Epiphany (ie, the feast of the presentation in the Temple, or _hupapante_) continued to be celebrated in Jerusalem on the 14th of February, forty days afer the 6th of January, until the reign of Justinian In most other places it had long before been put back to the 2nd of February to suit the new Christmas Armenian historians describe the riots, and display of armed force, without which Justinian was not able in Jerusalem to transfer this feast from the 14th to the 2nd of February
The grounds on which the Church introduced so late as 350-440 a Christmas feast till then unknown, or, if known, precariously linked with the baptism, seem in the main to have been the following: (1) The transition from adult to infant baptism was proceeding rapidly in the East, and in the West was well-nigh completed Its natural complement was a festal recognition of the fact that the divine element was present in Christ from the first, and was no new stage of spiritual promotion coeval only with the descent of the Spirit upon him at baptism
The general adoption of child baptism helped to extinguish the old view that the divine life in Jesus dated from his baptism, a view which led the Epiphany feast to be regarded as that of Jesus' spiritual rebirth (2) The 4th century witnessed a rapid diffusion of Marcionite, or, as it was now called, Manichaean propaganda, the chief tenet of which was that Jesus either was not born at all, was a mere phantasm, or anyhow did not take flesh of the Virgin Mary Against this view the new Christmas was a protest, since it was peculiarly the feast of his birth in the flesh, or as a man, and is constantly spoken of as such by the fathers who witnessed its institution
In Britain the 25th of December was a festival long before the conversion to Christianity, for Bede (_De temp rat_ ch 13) relates that "the ancient people of the Angli began the year on the 25th of December when we now celebrate the birthday of the Lord; and the very night which is now so holy to us, they called in their tongue _modranecht (modra niht)_, that is, the mothers' night, by reason we suspect of the ceremonies which in that night-long vigil they performed" With his usual reticence about matters pagan or not orthodox, Bede abstains from recording who the mothers were and what the ceremonies In 1644 the English puritans forbad any merriment or religious services by act of Parliament, on the ground that it was a heathen festival, and ordered it to be kept as a fast Charles II revived the feast, but the Scots adhered to the Puritan view
Outside Teutonic countries presents are unknown Their place is taken in Latin countries by the _strebae_, French e'trennes_, given on the 1st of January; this was in antiquity a great holiday, wherefore until late in the 4th century the Christians kept it as a day of fasting and gloom The setting up in Latin churches of a Christmas _cr`eche_ is said to have been originated by St Francis
AUTHORITIES -- KAH Kellner, _Heortologie_ (Freiburg im Br, 1906), with Bibliography; Hospinianus, _De festis Christianorum_ (Geneva, 1574); Edw Mart`ene, _De Antiquis Ecclesiae Ritibus_, iii31 (Bassani, 1788); JCW Augusti, _Christl Archaologie_, vols i and v (Leipzig, 1817- 1831); A J Benterim, Denkwurdigkeiten_, v pt i p 528 (Mainz, 1825, &c); Ernst Friedrich Wernsdorf, _De originibus Solemnium Natalis Christi_ (Wittenberg, 1757, and in JE Volbeding, _Thesaurus Commentationum_, Leipzig, 1847); Anton Bynaeus, _De Natali Jesu Christi_ (Amsterdam, 1689); Hermann Usener, _Religionsgeschichtlicke Untersuchungen_ (Bonn, 1889); Nik Niles, SJ, _Kalendarium Manuale_ (Innsbruck, 1896); L Duschesne, _Origines du culte chre'tien_ (3e e'd, Paris, 1889)
-- Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, MA, DTh (Giessen) Fellow of the British Academy Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford Author of _The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle_; _Myth, Magic and Morals_; &c"
12月25日,是基督教徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子,称为圣诞节。
从12月24日于翌年1月6日为圣诞节节期。节日期间,各国基督教徒都举行隆重的纪念仪式。圣诞节本来是基督教徒的节日,由于人们格外重视,它便成为一个全民性的节日,是西方国家一年中最盛大的节日,可以和新年相提并论,类似我国过春节。
西方人以红、绿、白三色为圣诞色,圣诞节来临时家家户户都要用圣诞色来装饰。红色的有圣诞花和圣诞蜡烛。绿色的是圣诞树。它是圣诞节的主要装饰品,用砍伐来的杉、柏一类呈塔形的常青树装饰而成。上面悬挂着五颜六色的彩灯、礼物和纸花,还点燃着圣诞蜡烛。
红色与白色相映成趣的是圣诞老人,他是圣诞节活动中最受欢迎的人物。西方儿童在圣诞夜临睡之前,要在壁炉前或枕头旁放上一只袜子,等候圣诞老人在他们入睡后把礼物放在袜子内。在西方,扮演圣诞老人也是一种习俗。
圣诞的由来
圣诞节的由来耶稣的生日究竞是哪一天,其实早无据可查。为什么要把12月25日定为圣诞节呢?这是在5世纪中叶由教会规定的。公元354年,在“菲洛卡连”日历中第一次写明12月25日是耶稣的生日,到5世纪西方普遍接受了这个日期为圣诞节。
圣诞树
据称,圣诞树最早出现在古罗马12月中旬的农神节,德国传教士尼古斯在公元8世纪用纵树供奉圣婴。随后,德国人把12月24日作为亚当和夏娃的节日,在家放上象征伊甸园的“乐园树”,上挂代表圣饼的小甜饼,象征赎罪;还点上蜡烛,象征基督。到16世纪,宗教改革者马丁路德,为求得一个满天星斗的圣诞之夜,设计出在家中布置一颗装着蜡烛的圣诞树。不过,西方关于圣诞树的来历流行着另一种说法:有个善良的农民,在圣诞节那天,热情地招待了一名流浪的孩子,临别时,孩子折下一树枝插在地上树枝立即长成大树,孩子指着这树对农民说,每年今日,树上都长满礼物,以报答你们的盛情。所以,今天人们所见的圣诞树上总是挂满了小礼物。
圣诞歌
长期以来,一直流行的圣诞歌主要有三个,一个是《平安夜》;一个是《听,天使报佳音》;第三个是《铃铛儿响叮当》。
圣诞老人
圣诞老人原指公元4世纪时小亚细亚专区 的主教尼古拉,他因和蔼可亲慷慨济贫万里闻名。到了6世纪,东方把他尊称为圣尼古拉。由于民间有关尼古拉的传说中,都联系到少年儿童和礼物,从此,圣诞老人便成为专门在圣诞节向孩子们送礼物的慈祥老人的形象。到了18世纪,通过文学和绘画,圣诞老人逐渐成为身穿红外衣的白胡子、白眉毛老人形象。
圣诞卡
世界上第一张圣诞卡是1843年英国人亨利高乐爵士提议,由约翰卡尔葛荷斯利设计的。卡片上画的是一个贵族家庭,三代人一齐举杯对一位不在场的亲友表示祝贺。当时他印了1000张,没有用完的印刷厂就以每张1先令的价钱卖出。圣诞卡就这样诞生了。
圣诞礼物
据《圣经》记载,来自东方的圣人在耶稣降生的时候赠送礼物,这就是圣诞老人为儿童赠送礼品习俗的由来。英国少年儿童在圣诞前夕把长统袜子放在壁炉旁,相信圣诞老人在夜里会从大烟囱下来,给他们带来满袜子的礼物。法国的少年儿童把鞋放在门口,让“圣婴来时把礼物放在鞋里面。”
圣诞大餐
正像中国人过春节吃年饭一样,欧美人过圣诞节也很注重全家人围坐在圣诞树下,共进节日美餐。圣诞大餐吃火鸡的习俗始于1620年。这种风俗盛于美国。英国人的圣诞大餐是烤鹅,而非火鸡。奥大利人爱在平安夜里,全家老小约上亲友成群结队地到餐馆去吃一顿圣诞大餐,其中,火鸡、腊鸡、烧牛仔肉和猪腿必不可少,同时伴以名酒,吃得大家欢天喜地
每年的1月1日为元旦,是新年的开始。“元日”是合成词,按单个字来讲,“元”是第一或开始的意思,“旦”字的原意是天亮或早晨。我国在发掘大汶口文化遗物中,发现一幅太阳从山颠升起,中间云烟缭绕的图画。经考证,这是我国最古老的“旦”字写法。后来,在殷商的青铜器铸铭上,又出现了被简化的“旦”字。“旦”字是以圆圆的太阳来表示的。“日”下面的“一”字表示地平线,意为太阳从地平线上冉冉升起。南朝文史家肖子云在他的《介雅》中记载有“四气新元旦,万寿初今朝”,看来那时已将旦为一日的开始,引申为一年的第一天了。 但是,我国古人说的元旦,却并不是公历的1月1日,而是正月初一,又称元日。中国历史上的年号并不是公元纪年,而是每个皇帝每个朝代都有单独的纪年,是阴历纪年。现行的公元纪年,是西方历法的体现。是以基督诞生为公元1年。中国只是到了中华民国以后才逐渐改用公元纪年。因此,中国农历的正月初一既春节比公历的元旦更有节日气氛。
“元”有始之意,“旦”指天明的时间,也通指白天。元旦,便是一年开始的第一天。“元旦”一词,最早出自南朝梁人萧子云《介雅》诗:“四气新元旦,万寿初今朝。”宋代吴自牧《梦梁录》卷一“正月”条目:“正月朔日,谓之元旦,俗呼为新年。一岁节序,此为之首。”元旦,《书·舜典》中叫“元日”,汉代崔瑗《三子钗铭》中叫“元正”;晋代庾阐《扬都赋》中称作“元辰”;北齐时的一篇《元会大享歌皇夏辞》中呼为“元春”;唐德宗李适《元日退朝观军仗归营》诗中谓之“元朔”。自来元旦指的是夏历(农历、阴历)正月初一。在汉语各地方言中有不同叫法,有叫“大年初一”的,有叫“大天初一”的,有叫“年初一”的,一般又叫“正月初一”。
我国历代元旦的月日并不一致。夏代在正月初一,商代在十二月初一,周代在十一月初一,秦始皇统一六国后,又以十月初一日为元旦,自此历代相沿未改(《史记》)。汉武帝太初元年时,司马迁创立了“太初历”,这才又以正月初一为元旦,和夏代规定一样,所以又称“夏历”,一直沿用到辛亥革命。中华民国建立,孙中山为了“行夏正,所以顺农时;从西历,所以便统计”,定正月初一(元旦)为春节,而以西历(公历)1月1日为新年。1949年9月27日,中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过使用“公元纪年法”,将农历正月初一称“春节”,将公历1月1日定为“元旦”。
过圣诞节已经成为世界各地的风俗习惯,可是你可曾探究过这日子的由来?你知道为什麼要庆祝这日子吗?圣诞节的由来可追溯到2001年前耶稣的诞生。
确实年份虽然已无从考察,但大多数考古学家都认为应该是在划分世纪的那一年(即公元前一年),只不过正确的出生日期无法确定。因此早期的基督教徒便以罗马帝国时期的密司拉教派,在每年一二月二十五日纪念太阳神诞辰的第一天定为圣诞节。所以圣诞节在宗教上是基督教徒纪念耶诞生的一个重要节日。根据圣经的记载,耶稣诞生在犹太的一座小城--伯利恒。马利亚,也就是耶稣的母亲,因圣灵的感动而怀孕,在梦中天使加百列向她显现,告诉她,她将要生下神的儿子,他要被称为耶稣。就在与丈夫约瑟返往家乡时,所有的旅店客满,因此马利亚被迫在马槽生下耶稣。遥远的东方有三博士得到神的启示,追随天上的一颗明亮星星找到了耶稣,俯伏拜他,揭开宝盒,拿出黄金、乳香、没药为礼物献给他。在伯特利野地的牧差人也听到天使的声音从天上发出,向他们款耶稣降生的佳音。在民俗上,那可就要追溯到德国了。在德国,圣诞节前的四个星期天分别秩为第一、二、三、四个待降节(advent)。在第一个待降节左右就开始了耶诞市集,而第一个待降节当天,家家户户都会将待降花圈(adventskranz)中第一根蜡烛点燃,之后每个待降节分吸再依序点燃待降花圈的其他蜡烛,等第四根蜡烛被点燃的时候,就代表耶诞节要来啦!这段期间德国家庭同时开始准备各项采买、装饰,大扫除的工作,这像不像我们的腊月呢?而小朋友也会得到一份「耶诞日历」(ADVENTSKALENDER),这是一个纸盒,上面会有1到24个小「门」,每个小门后面都有一样小玩具或糖果之类的东西。就像我们小时候在住家附的杂货店「抽」东西一样,小朋友从十二月一号开始每天可以开一个门,刚好开到十二月二十四的耶诞节前夕。不过顽皮的小朋友通常迫不及待地在第一天就将它全部打开了!
the name christmas is short for "christ\'s mass" a mass is a kind of church service christmas is a religious festival it is the day we celebrate as the birthday of jesus there are special christmas services in christian churches all over the world but many of the festivities of christmas do not have anything to do with religion exchanging gifts and sending christmas cards are the modern ways of celebrating the christmas in the world the birth of jesus had a story: in nazareth, a city of galilee the virgin\'s name was mary was betrothed to joseph
元旦(1月1日)-----NEW YEAR'S DAY
成人节(日本,1月15日)-----ADULTS DAY
情人节(2月14日)-----STVALENTINE'S DAY (VALENTINE'S DAY)
元宵节(阴历1月15日)-----LANTERN FESTIVAL
狂欢节(巴西,二月中、下旬)-----CARNIVAL
桃花节(日本女孩节,3月3日)-----PEACH FLOWER FESTIVAL (DOLL'S FESTIVAL)
国际妇女节(3月8日)-----INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY
圣帕特里克节(爱尔兰,3月17日)-----ST PATRICK'S DAY
枫糖节(加拿大,3-4月)-----MAPLE SUGAR FESTIVAL
愚人节(4月1日)-----FOOL'S DAY
复活节(春分月圆后第一个星期日)-----EASTER
宋干节(泰国新年4月13日)-----SONGKRAN FESTIVAL DAY
食品节(新加坡,4月17日)-----FOOD FESTIVAL
国际劳动节(5月1日)-----INTERNATIONAL LABOUR DAY
男孩节(日本,5月5日)-----BOY'S DAY
母亲节(5月的第二个星期日)-----MOTHER'S DAY
把斋节-----BAMADAN
开斋节(4月或5月,回历十月一日)-----LESSER BAIRAM
银行休假日(英国, 5月31日)-----BANK HOLIDAY
国际儿童节(6月1日)-----INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S DAY
父亲节(6月的第三个星期日)-----FATHER'S DAY
端午节(阴历5月5日)-----DRAGON BOAT FESTIVAL
仲夏节(北欧6月)-----MID-SUMMER DAY
古尔邦节(伊斯兰节,7月下旬)-----CORBAN
筷子节(日本,8月4日)-----CHOPSTICS DAY
中秋节(阴历8月15日)-----MOON FESTIVAL
教师节(中国,9月10日)-----TEACHER'S DAY
敬老节(日本,9月15日)-----OLD PEOPLE'S DAY
啤酒节(德国十月节,10月10日)-----OKTOBERFEST
南瓜节(北美10月31日)-----PUMPKIN DAY
鬼节(万圣节除夕,10月31日夜)-----HALLOWEEN
万圣节(11月1日)-----HALLOWMAS
感恩节(美国,11月最后一个星期4)-----THANKSGIVING
护士节(12月12日)-----NRUSE DAY
圣诞除夕(12月24日)-----CHRISTMAS EVE
圣诞节(12月25日)-----CHRISTMAS DAD
节礼日(12月26日)-----BOXING DAY
新年除夕(12月31日)-----NEW YEAR'S EVE(a bank holiday in many countries)
春节(阴历一月一日)-----SPRING FESTIVAL (CHINESE NEW YEAR)
新年(New Year)
1 Calendar
犹太历七月的第一天;伊斯兰教历第一个月的第一天;格列高利历 (Gregorian calendar),公历或阳历。为纪念1582年罗马教皇格列高利十三世(Pope Gregory XIII)采用此历而命名的。按阳历或公历,新年从1月1日(January 1)开始。在元旦这一天,人们辞旧迎新(to see the old year out and the new year in)。
2 Wishes :Happy New Year Happy New Year to you wish a happy New YearThank you, the same to you恭喜发财, 身体健康,万事如意。
3 Celebrations由于文化和习俗的不同,各国人民庆祝元旦和新年的方式和形式也有一定的差异。
在西方国家,尽管圣诞节才是最大的节日,新年在人们心目中仍占有不可替代的重要地位。除夕之夜(New Year\'s Day)晚会是庆祝新年到来必不可少的活动。西方各国的人们都喜欢在欢快的乐曲和绚丽的光彩中喜气洋洋地度过一年的最后一个夜晚。此时,化装晚会特别受欢迎。来宾们把尊严和谨慎藏在面具之后,打扮得稀奇古怪。大家无拘无束,尽情玩乐,与平日的行为大相径庭。在英美两国,午夜钟声一响,参加晚会的人们还要手拉手高唱"友谊地久天长"这首著名的苏格兰民歌。
圣诞节(Christmas)
圣诞节是基督教徒纪念耶酥基督(Jesus Christ)诞生 的日子,公认的日期是12月25日。圣诞节本是一个宗教性的节日,后来逐渐演变成一个具有民族风格的全民性的节日,在美国、英国、加拿大、德国、意大利、澳大利亚等西方国家,甚至非洲,东南亚一些国家都很盛行。
圣诞节指圣诞日(Christmas Day)或 圣诞节节期(Christmas tide),即12月24日至第二年1月6日这段时间。另外人们把12月24日夜为圣诞前夜(Christmas Eve)。
1. Jesus Christmas
耶酥是基督教的创始人,上帝的儿子。约公元前6年,耶酥由圣母玛利亚(St Mary)因圣灵降孕而生,降生在耶路撒冷附近伯利恒一家客店的马棚里。耶酥长大后开始传道,并召集了十二门徒。他认为要想拯救地球人类,就要对当时的犹太教进行改革,于是提出了一系列自己的宗教主张,但是由于他的言论和行为与当时的犹太统治者及社会当权者发生冲突,耶酥被门徒之一犹大出卖,后被钉死在十字架上。耶酥死后三天升天。他的门徒继承他的事业继续传教布道。
2. Christmas tree
圣诞树可以说是圣诞节最重要的装饰点缀物。圣诞树通常使用整棵塔形常绿树(如衫、柏等),或用松柏树枝扎成一棵塔形圣诞树。树上挂满了闪闪发光的金银纸片、用棉花制成的雪花和五颜六色的彩灯、蜡烛、玩具、礼物等装饰品。树顶上还装有一颗大星,树上的彩灯或蜡烛象征耶酥是世界的光明,大星则代表耶酥降生后将三位东方贤人引到伯利恒的那颗星。
圣诞树的起源众说不一。
3. Santa Claus/ Father Christmas
圣诞老人是西方老幼皆知的典型形象,是圣人与神灵的结合体,是仁爱与慷慨的代名词。一般认为圣诞老人是一个留着银白胡须、和蔼可亲的老人。他头戴红色尖帽,身穿白皮领子的大红袍,腰间扎着一条宽布带。传说圣诞老人在圣诞夜驾着八只鹿拉的满载着礼品的雪橇,从北方雪国来到各家,由烟囱下来,经过壁炉到房间内,把糖果、玩具等礼品装进孩子们吊在壁炉和床头上的袜子里。
相传圣诞老人是罗马帝国东部小亚细亚每拉城(今土耳其境内)的主教圣尼古拉的化身。17世纪荷兰移民把圣诞老人的传说带到了美国。美国英语中的圣诞老人为“圣塔克劳斯”(Santa Claus),在荷兰语中原为“圣尼古拉”。 圣尼古拉主教生前乐善好施,曾暗地里赠送金子给一农夫的三个待嫁的女儿作嫁妆,将一袋金子从烟囱扔进去,恰好掉在壁炉上的一只长统袜中。所以现在在圣诞夜有不少天真的孩子都把袜子口朝上小心翼翼地吊在壁炉旁或床头,期待圣诞老人送来礼物。
在现代英美等国家,有不少百货商店为吸引和招揽顾客,在圣诞节期间会专门派人扮成圣诞老人,向来商店购物的顾客(尤其是顾客带的孩子)分发糖果和礼品。
4. Christmas cards and Christmas presents
按照习俗,过圣诞节时人们都互赠圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼品。贺卡可以在商店买到,也可以自制,只要写上一句祝词,写上自己的姓名就行了。赠贺卡一般要根据对方的年兴趣爱好以及与自己的关系等。不仅同事、同学、朋友之间互赠,家庭成员之间也有互赠贺卡和礼品的习惯。这是一种最普通的庆祝圣诞节的活动。
5. Christmas dinner
圣诞餐是圣诞节当天的主餐,有的家庭把它安排在中餐,有的把它安排在晚餐。这餐饭主要是家人聚餐,一般不邀请客人。圣诞餐主要食品为:火鸡(turkey)或烤鹅(roast goose)、布丁(puddings)以及各类小甜饼(如golden butter cookies,fruit cookies)等。
按照习俗,吃圣诞餐时,往往要多设一个座位,多放一份餐具, 据说这是为了“主的使者”预备的,也有的说是为一个需要帮助的过路人而准备的。
6. Christmas carol
在圣诞夜(12月24日晚至25日晨),基督教徒们组织歌咏队到各教徒家去唱圣诞颂歌,传报佳音。据说,这是模仿天使在基督降生的那天夜里,在伯利恒郊外向牧羊人报告基督降生的喜讯。颂歌很多,比如《平安夜》、《铃儿响叮当》、《小伯利恒》、《东方三贤士》等,内容大都与耶酥的诞生有关。
复活节(Easter)
是基督教耶酥复活的重大节日。对基督徒而言,复活节仅次于圣诞节。
公元325年,尼西亚会议决定,为纪念基督教的创始人耶酥复活,将每年的春分月圆后的第一个星期日(the first Sunday following the first full moon after March 21)定为复活节,所以,复活节每年的具体日期不确定。又因为复活节总是在星期天,所以它的英文说法可以是Easter/Easter Day,也可以是Easter Sunday。从复活节开始以后的一周称为复活节周(Easter Week),在此期间,教徒每天进行祈祷。
复活节前40天有一个大斋期称为四月斋( Lent ),是从基督教的圣灰星期三( Ash Wednesday )起至复活节前一天为止的40天,这主要是为了纪念耶酥在荒野禁食()40天而绝食或忏悔。大斋期为信徒们提供了一赎罪(penance)、斋戒(fasting)、自制(self-denial)和忏悔(repentance)的机会,要求信徒们涤净过去一年中的劣行与罪过。
按照基督教的习惯,在复活节的前一天,教徒们要举行夜间祈祷。这天晚上,教堂里灯火全部熄灭,意味着世界一片黑暗。等到午夜的钟声一响,神父手持一枝点燃的蜡烛(象征基督光芒),走进教堂,将各个教徒手中的蜡烛点燃,不一会儿,整个教堂被众多的蜡烛光照得通明,祈祷也就随之结束。
复活节这一天要举行宗教仪式和活动, 如“圣餐”等,人们见面的第一句话就是“主复活了”(The Lord\'s risen)。然后人们互赠彩蛋(Easter egg),小孩吃兔子糖,讲兔子的故事。按西方国家的习俗,彩蛋 和兔子是 复活节的典型象征和吉祥物。
感恩节(Thanksgiving)
感恩节是美国民间传统节日。时间是每年11月的第四个星期四(the 4th Thursday in November)。
感恩节的起源有一段有趣但很复杂的历史,这一段历史要从英国的宗教史说起。大约16世纪中叶,在英国教会()内出现了改革派。他们主张清除教会内残留的天主教旧制和烦琐的礼仪,取消教堂内华丽的装饰,反对封建王公贵族的骄奢*逸,主张过勤俭清洁的简朴生活,因而被人称为清教徒()。清教徒中又分为温和派和激进派。温和派主张君主立宪,代表大资产阶级和上层新贵族的利益。激进派则提倡共和政体,坚持政教分离,主张用长老制改组国会,代表中小资产阶级贵族的利益,后来遭到当局的迫害,部分清教徒于是被迫逃亡国外。1620年9月,102 名英国清教徒乘坐“五月花”号木船(Mayflower)从英格兰的普利茅斯(Plymouth)出发,经过将近3个月的海上漂泊,于当年12月23 日来到美洲的 Massachusetts 东南部的 Plymouth 港口,并在附近意外地找到一个印地安人的村落,他们发现村内无人于是定居下来。但是当时是冬天,又人生地不熟,白手起家,缺衣少食,以及疾病的侵袭等原因,到第一个冬天结束时,活下来的只有50来人。但有幸的是,第二年的春天,这批幸存下来的移民得到了当地印地安人的热心帮助。善良的印地安人给他们种子,教他们打猎,教他们根据当地的气候特点种庄稼等。就这样,在印地安人的帮助下,再加上移民们的艰苦奋斗,终于迎来了1621年的大丰收。
为了感谢上帝赐予的大丰收,移民们决定举行一次盛大的庆祝活动,同时也是为了感谢印地安人的热心帮助。于是他们在1621年的11月下旬的一个星期四,与邀请来的曾帮助过他们的印地安人一起举行了一个庆祝活动。他们在天亮时鸣放礼炮,举行宗教仪式,虔诚地向上帝表示感谢。然后他们用自己猎取的火鸡以及自己种的南瓜、红薯、玉米等做的美味佳肴,隆重庆祝上帝的赐予,这便是美国历史上的感恩节的开始。1789年美国第一任总统华盛顿正式宣布将11月26日作为过感恩节的日子。但一直到1941年由国会通过了一项决议,将每年11月的第四个星期四作为全国统一庆祝感恩节的日子。
愚人节(April Fool's Day)
是一个比较特殊的节日。时间是每年的4月1日(April 1st)。按照西方国家的习俗,在愚人节这一天,人们可以任意说谎骗人,愚弄他人。骗人越高,越能得到推崇。在愚人节受到愚弄的人被称为 April Fool ( 4月愚人)。按照他们的习惯,当一个人成功地使别人受到愚弄时,他就会笑着说 ,这时受愚弄的人恍然大悟,也会跟着哈哈大笑。愚人节活动活跃气氛,放松一下大脑,为人们的生活增添一些乐趣,本不是件坏事。但是开玩笑或愚弄人应该有个分寸,要适可而止,不要只是一味地追求骗术的高明,而不顾他人的承受性,也就是说不要把自己的一时高兴建立在别人的痛苦之上。
不过愚人节最典型的活动还是大家互相开玩笑,用假话捉弄对方。有的人把细线拴着的钱包丢在大街上,自己在暗处拉着线的另一端。一旦有人捡起钱包,他们就出其不意地猛然把钱包拽走。还有人把砖头放在破帽子下面搁在马路当中,然后等着看谁来了会踢它。小孩们会告诉父母说自己的书包破了个洞,或者脸上有个黑点.等大人俯身来看时,他们就一边喊着“四月傻瓜”。一边笑着跑开去。总之,每逢愚人节这一天,动物园和水族馆还会接到不少打给菲什(鱼)先生成莱昂(狮子)先生的电话,常常惹得工作人员掐断电话线,以便减少麻烦。 如今的愚人节在美国已主要是淘气的男孩子们的节日了。
母亲节( Mother's Day)
是英美等国家为了表达对母亲的敬意而设的一个节日。日期是每年的5月第二个星期日(the 2nd Sunday in May)。 母亲节起源于19世纪60年代的美国。据说当时在美国 Philadelphia 有一个小地方,人们之间彼此关系不十分友好,经常打架。当时有一位叫 Mrs Jarvis 的女士希望能改变这种状况,于是她就开始了一个所谓“母亲友谊节”(Mother\'s Friendship Day)。在母亲友谊节这一天便去看望其他人的母亲,并劝她们能和好如初。于 1905年5月9 日去世,她的女儿Miss Anna Javis 继承了她的事业,继续努力,并决心建立一个纪念母亲的节日。于是她开始给当时有影响的人写信,提出自己的建议。在她的努力下, Philadelphia 于1908年5 月10 日第一次庆祝了母亲节。
每逢母亲节,做儿女的会送给自己的母亲节日贺卡(Mother's Day Cards)、鲜花(flowers)以及母亲们喜欢的精美礼物(presents)等,同时,在这一天做父亲的会领着子女们包揽家务,以便让做母亲的有个休息的机会。
父亲节( Father's Day)
每年的6月的第三个星期日(the 3rd Sunday in June)。主要在美国和加拿大。
父亲节( Father's Day)起源与20世纪初的美国。据说当时在华盛顿州有一位名叫的人,她年幼丧母,兄弟姐妹六人全靠父亲抚养成人。父亲的这种既为人父,又为人母的自我牺牲精神极大地感动了她。长大后,她积极倡导父亲节,并说服当时华盛顿的Ministerial Society of Spokane作一次特殊的礼拜仪式向父亲们表达敬意。后来在1916年她的建议得到了Woodwork Wilson总统的官方承认。 从此父亲节便成为了美国的一项传统节日。
按照习惯,父亲节这一天,做孩子的通常一大早就起床`给父亲做一顿丰盛的早餐,端到父亲的床头,感谢父亲的养育之恩。另外,父亲节这一天,孩子们还向父亲赠送礼物,所送的一般是父亲喜欢的衣服和爱喝的。
情人节( Saint Valentine's Day)
是英美等国一个十分重要的节日,时间是每年的2月14日。 关于情人节的起源有许多不同的解释,现在大多无法考证,其中比较流行的说法是:它是为了纪念罗马基督教殉道者St Valentine而设的。相传他在2 月14日即将被斩首之前,凭借自己执著的爱恋之情的魔力使双目失明的女儿重见光明。
值得注意的是情人节不仅仅是年轻人的节日,也是一个大众化的节日。情人节这一天,不仅仅情侣们互赠卡片和礼物,人们也给自己的父母、老以及其他受自己尊敬和爱戴的人赠礼物和卡片。特别引人入胜的是情人节之夜的化装舞会。这在几十年前就十分流行。参加舞会的入,个个煞费苦心地将自己装扮起来,有的化装成中世纪的骑士,有的化装成西班牙的海盗,还有的化装成东方的皇帝。聪明的舞会主人常常给每位客人发一个带花边的瓦伦丁卡片,上面写着某个人的名字,这个人就成为你今晚的伙伴。因此在舞会上,人们便可以看到罗密欧和灰姑娘翩翩起舞;哈姆雷特同卡门谈笑风生;阿拉伯公主同查理二世共进晚餐。他们化装得那样维妙维肖.使人觉得仿佛真的是一群古人复活了。
万圣节 ( Halloween)
按照基督教的习惯,每年的11月1 日为万圣节,是纪念所有圣徒的日子。万圣节前夕便是万圣节的前一天,即10月31日。在中世纪的英格兰,万圣节被叫做 All Hallow ,大家知道,"前夕"的英语是eve , 所以万圣节前夕便由Halloween + eve 演变成 Halloween 。 在英国,万圣节前夕可以说是一个鬼节。因为大多数活动都与“鬼”有关。每到万圣节前夕这天晚上,人们就围坐在火炉旁,讲述一些有关鬼的故事,有时让一些在场的小孩听起来好生害怕。有的人把萝卜或甜菜头挖空,做成一个古怪的头形的东西,在上面刻上嘴和眼睛,在其内放上一枝点燃的蜡烛,看上去古怪、让人害怕,然后把它挂在树枝上或大门上,据说这样可以驱逐妖魔鬼怪。 在美国,人们制作“杰克灯”或叫“南瓜灯”(Jack-o'-lantern)。小孩们身穿古怪的服装,头戴面具,装扮成鬼怪的形象,手里提着一盏南瓜灯,从一家走到另一家,在大门口大声叫着“是请客还是要我们捣乱(Trick or Treat)。这时若主人不请客(treat ),这些顽皮的孩子就会动真格地捣乱(trick),有的在主人的门把上涂上肥皂或往玻璃上洒肥皂水;有的干脆把主人的门给卸下来;还有的顺手拿走主人放在门口的日常小用品等。但人们对这些天真可爱的小客人一般还是欢迎的,并且事先都准备好糖果或零钱。听到这些小孩来到时,他们马上迎出来,给孩子们分发糖果或零钱。
1、魔方。魔方是非常常见的益智游戏,很多男生都喜欢玩魔方,这对提高孩子的逻辑思维能力以及运算能力非常有帮助。如果觉得送一个魔方显得太小气的话,可以送一整套呀,从小到大,从正方形到圆形,高阶一点的还有其他异型魔方,不管多大年纪的小孩都有的玩。
2、手写对联。过年贴春联,是家家户户都要做的事情,在过年之前,跟家里的小孩一起来动手写一副对联,也是一件非常不错的礼物哦。既可以让孩子了解对联的知识,又能培养孩子的动手能力,还能激发孩子对书法的兴趣,比起玩具来,这份礼物虽然简单却更具意义。
3、积木。积木可以锻炼孩子的耐心,同时也能让孩子从游戏中学会细心的观察,和葱整体的角度出发看问题,是一个非常适合学龄儿童玩的游戏。其实很多中学生,乃至是成年人,都非常的喜欢玩积木,尤其是大型的积木,独立完成一份积木的拼接,是非常有成就感的,可以增强孩子的自信心。
扩展资料:
现代中国的元旦,根据中国政府将其列入法定假日,成为全国人民的节日。放假一天,后常常将当日前或后双休日调整,一般连续休息三天。现代中国对元旦的庆祝较之春节,重要性要小得多。一般机关、企业会举行年终集体庆祝活动,但民间活动很少。
每年1月1日,标志着新一年的到来,人们习惯将这一天称为“元旦”,俗称“公历年”、“阳历年”或“新历年”。
-元旦





















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